Protocolo para reducir riesgos de introducción a Venezuela de la marchitez por fusarium raza 4 en Musáceas
Las musáceas comestibles, por su alto valor nutritivo, son consideradas alimentos básicos para más de 400 millones de personas a nivel mundial, jugando papel fundamental en la seguridad alimentaria. Se estima que su superficie sembrada se puede incrementar hasta 50% para el año 2070, debido al incremento de la temperatura, por el cambio climático. A nivel global, una de las principales limitaciones fitosanitarias para su producción, lo representa la raza 4 Tropical de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc R4T), causante de la Fusariosis en musáceas, la cual está considerada entre las 10 enfermedades vegetales más importantes en la historia de la agricultura, así como la más letal y peligrosa, al no existir control, y perpetuarse en el suelo durante más de 20 años. Puede atacar a todos los clones Cavendish y otros como el plátano, además de los susceptibles a Raza 1 y Raza 2, no existiendo clones naturales que puedan sustituirlos. Actualmente, la Raza Tropical 4, no está presente en el continente americano. No obstante, la dependencia de los sistemas de producción y el mercado internacional de los clones Cavendish, así como el acelerado proceso evolutivo de este patógeno y su acelerada diseminacion, hacen que la misma represente una amenaza latente para América Latina y el Caribe. Se plantea, la estructuración de protocolos de bioseguridad, para reducir los riesgos de su introducción a Venezuela, considerando que la misma puede darse a través de distintas vías, requiriéndose la activación complementaria de un plan de contingencia, que disminuya el impacto. Protocol to reduce the risks of introduction wilt race 4 in Musáceas to Venezuela ABSTRACT The edible musaceas, due to their high nutritional value, are considered as staple foods for more than 400 million people worldwide, playing a fundamental role in food security. It is estimated that its planted area can be increased up to 50% by 2070, due to the increase in temperature, due to climate change. At the global level, among the main phytosanitary limitations of its production, it is represented by the Tropical race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc R4T), which causes Fusariosis in Musaceae, is considered one of the 10 most important plant diseases in the history of agriculture, as well as the most lethal and dangerous, since there is no control, and it is perpetuated on the ground for more than 20 years. years. It can attack all the Cavendish clones and others like the banana, in addition to those susceptible to Race 1 and Race 2, there being no natural clones that can replace the current ones. Currently, the Tropical Race 4 is not present in the Americas. However, the dependency of the production systems and the international market, of the Cavendish clones, as well as the accelerated evolutionary process of this pathogen and accelerated dissemination, mean that it represents a latent threat for Latin America and the Caribbean. It can attack all the Cavendish clones and others like the banana, in addition to those susceptible to Race 1 and Race 2, there being no natural clones that can replacethe current ones. Currently, Tropical Race 4 is not present in the Americas. However, the dependency of the production systems and the international market, of the Cavendish. It is proposed the structuring of biosafety protocols, to reduce the risks of their introduction to Venezuela, considering that it can take place through different channels, requiring the complementary activation of a contingency plan that reduces the impact.
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Digital revista |
| Language: | spa |
| Published: |
Facultad de Agronomía, UCV
2022
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| Online Access: | http://saber.ucv.ve/ojs/index.php/rev_agro/article/view/24374 |
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| Summary: | Las musáceas comestibles, por su alto valor nutritivo, son consideradas alimentos básicos para más de 400 millones de personas a nivel mundial, jugando papel fundamental en la seguridad alimentaria. Se estima que su superficie sembrada se puede incrementar hasta 50% para el año 2070, debido al incremento de la temperatura, por el cambio climático. A nivel global, una de las principales limitaciones fitosanitarias para su producción, lo representa la raza 4 Tropical de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc R4T), causante de la Fusariosis en musáceas, la cual está considerada entre las 10 enfermedades vegetales más importantes en la historia de la agricultura, así como la más letal y peligrosa, al no existir control, y perpetuarse en el suelo durante más de 20 años. Puede atacar a todos los clones Cavendish y otros como el plátano, además de los susceptibles a Raza 1 y Raza 2, no existiendo clones naturales que puedan sustituirlos. Actualmente, la Raza Tropical 4, no está presente en el continente americano. No obstante, la dependencia de los sistemas de producción y el mercado internacional de los clones Cavendish, así como el acelerado proceso evolutivo de este patógeno y su acelerada diseminacion, hacen que la misma represente una amenaza latente para América Latina y el Caribe. Se plantea, la estructuración de protocolos de bioseguridad, para reducir los riesgos de su introducción a Venezuela, considerando que la misma puede darse a través de distintas vías, requiriéndose la activación complementaria de un plan de contingencia, que disminuya el impacto.
Protocol to reduce the risks of introduction wilt race 4 in Musáceas to Venezuela
ABSTRACT
The edible musaceas, due to their high nutritional value, are considered as staple foods for more than 400 million people worldwide, playing a fundamental role in food security. It is estimated that its planted area can be increased up to 50% by 2070, due to the increase in temperature, due to climate change. At the global level, among the main phytosanitary limitations of its production, it is represented by the Tropical race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc R4T), which causes Fusariosis in Musaceae, is considered one of the 10 most important plant diseases in the history of agriculture, as well as the most lethal and dangerous, since there is no control, and it is perpetuated on the ground for more than 20 years. years. It can attack all the Cavendish clones and others like the banana, in addition to those susceptible to Race 1 and Race 2, there being no natural clones that can replace the current ones. Currently, the Tropical Race 4 is not present in the Americas. However, the dependency of the production systems and the international market, of the Cavendish clones, as well as the accelerated evolutionary process of this pathogen and accelerated dissemination, mean that it represents a latent threat for Latin America and the Caribbean. It can attack all the Cavendish clones and others like the banana, in addition to those susceptible to Race 1 and Race 2, there being no natural clones that can replacethe current ones. Currently, Tropical Race 4 is not present in the Americas. However, the dependency of the production systems and the international market, of the Cavendish. It is proposed the structuring of biosafety protocols, to reduce the risks of their introduction to Venezuela, considering that it can take place through different channels, requiring the complementary activation of a contingency plan that reduces the impact.
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