Évolution saisonnière de la production de litière et de la décomposition des feuilles dans une cacaoyère camerounaise
On an old cacao farm near Yaoundé with poorly developed natural shade, the total production of dry litter varies from 6 to 8.5 tons/ha/yr. It consists of 60 to 70 percent leaves, 23 to 30 percent woody material and 6 to 10 percent flowers and fruit. The seasonal distribution is related to vegetative and reproductive activity, as well as to the floristic composition of the shade trees. About two-thirds of the annual leaf fall occurs during the 2 to 3 months dry season. Fruit fall is more marked in the wet season. This type of light shade produces 2 to 3 tons/ha/yr. Altogether the leaves of the cacao trees are the most important constituent. They give to the soil annually 35-45 kg N, 3.5-5 kg P. 35-50 kg K, and 75-105 kg Ca. In the first six months, the loss in dry matter reaches 30-40 percent of the total. At the end of a year, it reaches 75 percent. The return to the soil of the major mineral elements is very rapid. Potassium is returned almost completely in 6 months. Calcium takes longer, 6 months to 1 year. Nitrogen and phosphorus, since they occur in organic forms, are aberated more slowly. In all cases, these changes are closely linked to rainfall. The decomposition of litter forms only a part of the "turn over", for the soil also receives minerals washed from the foliage
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | biblioteca |
| Language: | fre |
| Published: |
St. Augustine (Trinidad y Tobago): Cocoa Research Institute,
1972
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| Subjects: | THEOBROMA CACAO, SOMBRA, COBERTURA SECA, HOJAS, MINERALES, ABONOS, CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO, MATERIA ORGANICA, NUTRICION DE LAS PLANTAS, CAMERUN, |
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| Summary: | On an old cacao farm near Yaoundé with poorly developed natural shade, the total production of dry litter varies from 6 to 8.5 tons/ha/yr. It consists of 60 to 70 percent leaves, 23 to 30 percent woody material and 6 to 10 percent flowers and fruit. The seasonal distribution is related to vegetative and reproductive activity, as well as to the floristic composition of the shade trees. About two-thirds of the annual leaf fall occurs during the 2 to 3 months dry season. Fruit fall is more marked in the wet season. This type of light shade produces 2 to 3 tons/ha/yr. Altogether the leaves of the cacao trees are the most important constituent. They give to the soil annually 35-45 kg N, 3.5-5 kg P. 35-50 kg K, and 75-105 kg Ca. In the first six months, the loss in dry matter reaches 30-40 percent of the total. At the end of a year, it reaches 75 percent. The return to the soil of the major mineral elements is very rapid. Potassium is returned almost completely in 6 months. Calcium takes longer, 6 months to 1 year. Nitrogen and phosphorus, since they occur in organic forms, are aberated more slowly. In all cases, these changes are closely linked to rainfall. The decomposition of litter forms only a part of the "turn over", for the soil also receives minerals washed from the foliage |
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