A fertilidade do polen e sua correlação com o número de sementes, em espécies e formas do gênero citrus
1 - The present paper deals with the results of studies on pollen fertility, number of seeds per fruit and frequency of polyembryony in Citrus. 2 - The pollen may be divided into four groups of which the first consists of the living and functional grains, colouring deeply with carmín acetic, germinating in sugar solutions fairly well. The remainny three types : half filled grains, empty grains, and small deformed grains are all inviable. 3 - The grains are generally spherical, 15 to 40ix in diameter. The smallest grains were found in Citrus hystrix and Citrus mitis (fig. 3 and 4), while citron and the grape-fruits have the largest grains (fig. 1, 2 and 5). 4 - Size and form are reasonably constant, except the hybrid "Citran-gequat", "limão galego" without spines, orange "Ruby" (fig. 6 to 8). 5 - Percentages of viable pollen grains are given in quadros IV to X. Tahiti Lime, probably a triploid, is completely sterile. "Baía" orange (Washington Navel orange) is completely male sterile, while the fruits of it may have some seeds. The two seedless varieties of "lima" and "pera" have 37,1 and 9,3% of viable pollen respectively. Regarding pollen viability oranges are the most variable. They show from 0 to 90% of good pollen (quadros IV and V). In lemons and limes the percentages vary from 50% and 80% (quadros VI to VIII). Tangerines, with exception of Satsuma owari, have generally more than 60% of good pollen. The grape-fruits, except the case of "Marsh-seedless", are characterized by a relative high pollen fertility. 6 - There is a certain variation of pollen fertility due to the external conditions. It seems to exist also a certain effect of the rootstock, on viability of pollen grains, as shown for the rootstock of "sour orange" and "rough lemon". 7 - The number of seeds per fruit was also determined and is given in the respective quadros (IV-X). 8 - There does not exist any consistent difference between open pollinated and selfed flowers in regard to the number of seeds per fruit (quadro XII). In 26 cross pollinations (quadro XIII), 6 caused an increase, 11 a decrease in the number of seeds. Especially interesting in this respect was "Baía" orange (Washington Navel), where, for instance, the cross pollination with the orange "Barão" gave in average 7 seeds per fruit, while in the cross with "Hamlim" the seed number was only 2,75 per fruit, this difference being highly significant. 9 - It is a well known fact that nucellar embryony is quite common in Citrus. The frequency of polyembryony has been determined for a large number of types. Even if an embryo is formed, we may not be certain whether it is produced by an adventicious growth of the nucellus or from a normally fertilized egg, as shown for instance for Citrus mitis x Poncirus trifoliata. (Fig. 15 and 16). Both twin embryos may be apogamous or one only, the other being in this case an hybrid. 10 - There exists a slight positive correlation between number of seeds and percentage of good pollen, with r = -f- 0,53. It should not be forgotten that the individual variations for these characters are very high, with coefficients of 93,01% for seed number and 33,18% for the percentage of viable pollen grains. Furthermore the variation of the forms is decidedly asymetrical owing to the pressure of the 0 limit. The general situation is best illustrated by the graph 1. With 0 to 10 seeds per fruit, there is no ordely variation of the percentage of good pollen. If the number of seeds rises between 10 and 20 seeds, the percentage of viable pollen grains rises generally above 50%, and if the number of seeds is still higher, the percentage surpasses 70%.
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Digital revista |
| Language: | Portuguese |
| Published: |
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
1941
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| Online Access: | http://old.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87051941001000001 |
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