Half a World : Regional Inequality in Five Great Federations
The paper studies regional (spatial) inequality in the five most populous countries in the world: China, India, the United States, Indonesia, and Brazil in the period 1980-2000. They are all federations or quasi-federations composed of entities with substantial economic autonomy. Two types of regional inequalities are considered: Concept 1 inequality, which is inequality between mean incomes (GDP per capita) of states/provinces, and Concept 2 inequality, which is inequality between population-weighted regional mean incomes. The first inequality speaks to the issue of regional convergence, the second, to the issue of overall inequality as perceived by citizens within a nation. All three Asian countries show rising inequality in terms of both concepts in the 1990s. Divergence in income outcomes is particularly noticeable for the most populous states/provinces in China and India. The United States, where regional inequality is the least, shows further convergence. Brazil, with the highest level of regional inequality, displays no trend. A regression analysis fails to establish robust association between the usual macroeconomic variables and the two types of regional inequality.
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Bibliographic Details
| Main Author: |
Milanovic, Branko |
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper
biblioteca
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| Language: | English |
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| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2005-09
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| Subjects: | ANNUAL INFLATION,
AVERAGE INCOME,
CITIZENS,
CONSTANT PRICES,
CPI,
DATA COVERAGE,
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS,
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES,
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,
ECONOMIC GROWTH,
ECONOMIC POLICIES,
ECONOMIC POLICY,
ECONOMIC THEORY,
ENDOGENOUS GROWTH,
GDP,
GINI COEFFICIENT,
GROWTH RATE,
GROWTH RATES,
HIGH INFLATION,
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS,
INCOME,
INCOME CONVERGENCE,
INCOME DIFFERENCES,
INCOME GROWTH,
INCOME INEQUALITY,
INCOME LEVEL,
INCOME LEVELS,
INCREASED INEQUALITY,
INCREASING INEQUALITY,
INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES,
INEQUALITY LEVELS,
INEQUALITY MEASURES,
INEQUALITY WILL INCREASE,
INTERNATIONAL TRADE,
MEAN INCOME,
MEAN INCOMES,
MEAN LOG DEVIATION,
NATIONAL LEVEL,
NATIONAL SURVEYS,
NOMINAL INCOMES,
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION,
PER CAPITA INCOME,
PER CAPITA INCOMES,
PERSONAL INCOME,
POLICY RESEARCH,
POLITICAL STABILITY,
POOR,
POPULATION GROWTH,
POPULATION GROWTH RATES,
POPULATION SHARE,
POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP,
POVERTY REDUCTION,
PURCHASING POWER,
RAPID INCREASE,
REAL GROWTH,
REAL INCOME,
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES,
REGIONAL INEQUALITY,
REGRESSION ANALYSIS,
RELATIVE INCOME,
RISING INEQUALITY,
WAGES,
WELFARE INDICATORS, |
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/6259308/half-world-regional-inequality-five-great-federations
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8597
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