Advanced Biofuel Technologies : Status and Barriers

Large-scale production of crop based (first generation) biofuels may not be feasible without adversely affecting global food supply or encroaching on other important land uses. Because alternatives to liquid fossil fuels are important to develop in order to address greenhouse gas mitigation and other energy policy objectives, the potential for increased use of advanced (non-crop, second generation) biofuel production technologies has significant policy relevance. This study reviews the current status of several advanced biofuel technologies. Technically, it would be possible to produce a large portion of transportation fuels using advanced biofuel technologies, specifically those that can be grown using a small portion of the world's land area (for example, microalgae), or those grown on arable lands without affecting food supply (for example, agricultural residues). However, serious technical barriers limit the near-term commercial application of advanced biofuels technologies. Key technical barriers include low conversion efficiency from biomass to fuel, limits on supply of key enzymes used in conversion, large energy requirements for operation, and dependence in many cases on commercially unproven technology. Despite a large future potential, large-scale expansion of advanced biofuels technologies is unlikely unless and until further research and development lead to lowering these barriers.

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Detalhes bibliográficos
Principais autores: Cheng, Jay J., Timilsina, Govinda R.
Formato: Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Idioma:English
Publicado em: 2010-09-01
Assuntos:ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, ACID HYDROLYSIS, ACID RECOVERY, ACIDS, ADSORPTION, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, ALCOHOLS, ALGAL BIOMASS, ALKALI, ALKALI METALS, ALKALINES, ALKALIS, ALTERNATIVE FUEL, ALUMINUM, AMMONIA, ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, ANHYDROUS ETHANOL, ANIMAL FAT, ANIMAL FATS, ANIMAL WASTES, APPROACH, AQUATIC SPECIES, ASH, ATMOSPHERE, ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, ATP, AUTOMOBILE FUEL, AVAILABILITY, BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, BIODIESEL, BIOFUEL, BIOFUEL PRODUCTION, BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES, BIOFUELS, BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES, BIOGAS, BIOGAS PRODUCTION, BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, BIOMASS, BIOMASS COMPONENTS, BIOMASS ENERGY, BIOMASS HARVESTING, BIOMASS PRODUCTION, BIOMASS YIELD, BIOMETHANOL, BIRDS, CANOLA, CARBOHYDRATE, CARBOHYDRATES, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION, CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON SOURCE, CARBON SUGARS, CATALYSTS, CELLULASE ENZYMES, CELLULOSE, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL, CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION, CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, CH4, CHEMICAL BONDS, CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS, CHEMICAL PROCESS, CHEMICAL PROCESSES, CHEMICAL REACTION, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, CHEMICALS, CHEMISTRY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO, CO2, COAGULATION, COAL, COAL GASIFICATION, COBALT, COMBUSTION, CONDENSATION, CONVERSION EFFICIENCY, CONVERSION RATE, COOKING, COOKING OIL, COPPER, CORN COBS, CORN GRAIN, CORN STOVER, CROP, CROP RESIDUES, CRUDE OIL, CYCLONES, DEW, DEW POINT, DIESEL, DIESEL ENGINES, DILUTE SULFURIC ACID, DIMETHYL ETHER, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, DISTILLATION, DOSAGE, DROUGHT, DUST, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY CROPS, ENERGY INPUT, ENERGY OUTPUT, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENERGY REQUIREMENTS, ENERGY SOURCE, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS, ESTER, ESTERS, ETHANOL DISSOLVES, ETHANOL FERMENTATION, ETHANOL FROM CORN, ETHANOL FUEL, ETHANOL PLANT, ETHANOL PLANTS, ETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS, ETHANOL PRODUCTION FACILITIES, ETHANOL YIELD, ETHANOL YIELDS, EXPLOSIVE, FATTY ACIDS, FEEDSTOCK, FEEDSTOCKS, FERTILIZATION, FERTILIZERS, FILTRATION, FOREST, FOREST PRODUCTS, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION, FOSSIL FUELS, FUEL, FUEL ETHANOL, FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCTION, FUEL PRODUCTION, GASES, GASIFICATION, GASIFICATION OF BIOMASS, GASIFICATION PROCESS, GASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY, GASOLINE, GENERATION, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLUCOSE, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION, HEAT, HEAT EXCHANGER, HEAT EXCHANGERS, HEMICELLULOSE, HIGH ETHANOL, HIGHER ETHANOL, HYDROCARBONS, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, HYDROGEN, HYDROGENATION, HYDROLYSIS, IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, IMPURITIES, IPCC, IRON, LIGNIN, LIGNIN CONTENT, LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS, LIPIDS, LIQUEFACTION, LIQUID FUEL, LIQUID FUELS, LOW-SULFUR, MANGANESE, METABOLISM, METALS, METHANE, METHANOL, MICROALGAE, MOISTURE CONTENT, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS PIPELINE, NH3, NICKEL, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, OIL, OIL PALM, OIL PRODUCER, OIL PRODUCTION, OIL YIELD, OILS, ORGANIC CARBON, ORGANIC CHEMICALS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC MATERIALS, OXYGEN, PARTICLES, PARTICULATES, PET, PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, PH, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, PLANT BIOMASS, PLANT OIL, POLYMERIZATION, POWER, POWER PLANTS, PP, PROPANE, PROTEINS, PURE ETHANOL, PURIFICATION SYSTEM, PYROLYSIS, RAPESEED, RAW MATERIAL, RAW MATERIALS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE FUELS, RICE FARMERS, RICE PRODUCTION, RICE STRAW, SILICA, SO2, SOYBEAN OIL, SUBSTRATES, SUGAR, SUGAR BEET, SUGAR YIELD, SUGARCANE, SUGARS TO ETHANOL, SULFUR, SULFUR OXIDES, SUNLIGHT, SURPLUS BAGASSE, SYNTHETIC FUELS, TECHNOLOGIES FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION, TEMPERATURE, TOXIC SUBSTANCES, TRANSPORTATION FUEL, TRANSPORTATION FUELS, TROPICAL REGIONS, TURBIDITY, VEGETABLE OIL, VEGETABLE OILS, VEHICLES, VITAMINS, WHEAT, WOOD CHIPS, WOOD INDUSTRY, WOOD PROCESSING, WOODY BIOMASS, ZINC,
Acesso em linha:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100901162217
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3896
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