Adjusting the Labor Supply to Mitigate Violent Shocks : Evidence from Rural Colombia

This paper studies the use of labor markets to mitigate the impact of violent shocks on households in rural areas in Colombia. It examines changes in the labor supply from on-farm to off-farm labor as a means of coping with the violent shock and the ensuing redistribution of time within households. It identifies the heterogeneous response by gender. Because the incidence of violent shocks is not exogenous, the analysis uses instrumental variables that capture several dimensions of the cost of exercising terror. As a response to the violent shocks, households decrease the time spent on on-farm work and increase their supply of labor to off-farm activities (non-agricultural ones). Men carry the bulk of the adjustment in the use of time inasmuch as they supply the most hours to off-farm non-agricultural work and formal labor markets. Labor markets do not fully absorb the additional labor supply. Women in particular are unable to find jobs in formal labor markets and men have increased time dedicated to leisure and household chores. Additional off-farm supply does not fully cover the decrease in consumption. The results suggest that in rural Colombia, labor markets are a limited alternative for coping with violent shocks. Thus, policies in conflict-affected countries should go beyond short-term relief and aim at preventing labor markets from collapsing and at supporting the recovery of agricultural production.

Détails bibliographiques

Auteurs principaux:	Fernández, Manuel, Ibáñez, Ana María, Peña, Ximena
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Langue:	English
Publié:	2011-06-01
Sujets:	ACCESS TO LABOR MARKETS, ADULT MALES, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, AGRICULTURAL WAGES, ASSET DEPLETION, ASSET LOSSES, BARGAINING, BARGAINING POWER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, CENTRAL REGION, CHILD LABOR, COLLECTIVE ACTION, COMMUNITIES, COMMUNITY ACTIVITIES, CONCENTRATION OF LAND, CONFLICT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION INSURANCE, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, COPING MECHANISMS, COPING STRATEGY, COVARIATE SHOCKS, CREDIT MARKETS, CRIME, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, DAILY WAGE, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DIFFERENTIATED IMPACT, DISPLACED PERSONS, DISPLACEMENT, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SHOCK, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECONOMICS, EMPLOYMENT, EXCLUSION RESTRICTION, EXOGENOUS CHARACTERISTICS, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM LABOR, FARM PRODUCTION, FARM WORK, FEMALE, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALES, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FLEXIBLE LABOR MARKETS, FORMAL LABOR MARKET, FRONTIER REGIONS, GENDER, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD WEALTH, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RIGHTS, IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS, IMPACT OF SHOCKS, INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME SHOCK, INEQUALITY, INHABITANTS, INSURANCE, INSURANCE MARKETS, JOBS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR INFORMATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET ACTIVITIES, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LACK OF WATER, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, LAND QUALITY, LAND REFORM, LAND TENURE, LAUNDRY, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, LIVESTOCK INCOME, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, MALE COUNTERPARTS, MALNUTRITION, MICRO-REGIONS, OPPORTUNITY COSTS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVIOUS PARAGRAPHS, PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, REASSIGNMENT, REGIONAL POWER, RENTS, REPEATED SHOCKS, RISK MANAGEMENT, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DISTRICT, RURAL DISTRICTS, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL LABOR, RURAL LABOR MARKET, RURAL LABOR MARKETS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL REGIONS, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SMALL FARMS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SUBSISTENCE, TARGETING, UNEMPLOYED, URBAN AREAS, VILLAGES, WAGE RATE, WAGES, WAR, WORKING HOURS,
Accès en ligne:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110615160656 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3448
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