Climate Vulnerability Assessments : An Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability, Risk, and Adaptation in Albania’s Power Sector

Energy security is a key concern in Albania, which relies on hydropower for about 90 percent of its electricity production. While renewable energy resources like hydropower play a fundamental role in moving the world towards a low-carbon economy, they are also vulnerable to climatic conditions. Climate variability already affects Albania's energy production to a considerable extent, and climate change is bringing further challenges. This report summarizes work conducted in partnership with stakeholders in Albania's energy sector and other closely related sectors. It aimed to build greater understanding of the climate risks faced by the energy sector and of priority actions that could be taken to reduce vulnerabilities. The remainder of this report is set out as follows: section two describes the context for this assessment, covering the Albanian energy sector, observed and projected climatic conditions and Albania's adaptive capacity. Section three outlines the climatic vulnerabilities, risks, and opportunities facing Albania's energy sector. Section four describes the key adaptation options identified for managing climate risks to the energy sector. Section five provides the cost-benefit analysis of physical adaptation options. Section six sets out next steps for improving the climate resilience of Albania's energy sector. Finally, section seven includes references and lists of annexes and appendices.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Other Environmental Study biblioteca
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2009-12-01
Subjects:	ACTIVITIES, AIR, AIR TEMPERATURES, ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ENERGY, ALTITUDE, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, APPROACH, ATMOSPHERE, AVAILABILITY, BALANCE, BENEFITS, BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, BIOMASS, CARBON, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATIONS, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON FINANCE, CH4, CHANGES IN CLIMATE, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE SCENARIOS, CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE EXTREMES, CLIMATE RESILIENCE, CLIMATE SYSTEM, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, CLIMATES, CLIMATIC CHANGES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CLOUDINESS, CO, CO2, COAL, COAL INDUSTRY, COAL PRODUCTION, COLORS, COMBUSTION, CONSUMER DEMAND, COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COST­BENEFIT ANALYSIS, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT, DIESEL, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT RATES, DISTRIBUTION GRID, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, DOMESTIC ENERGY, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DOWNSTREAM COMMUNITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECOSYSTEM, ELECTRICAL POWER, ELECTRICAL POWER SECTOR, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY MARKETS, ELECTRICITY PRICES, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS SCENARIO, ENERGY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY GENERATION, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY MARKET, ENERGY MARKETS, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY PRICES, ENERGY PRODUCTION FACILITIES, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY STRATEGY, ENERGY SUBSIDIES, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY SYSTEM, ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENVIRONMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ET, EXTREME CLIMATIC EVENTS, EXTREME EVENTS, EXTREME PRECIPITATION, EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, FLOODS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUEL SUPPLY, GAS, GAS PRODUCTION, GAS TURBINE, GCM, GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GREEN PRODUCTION, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS SCENARIOS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GRID SYSTEMS, HEAVY FUEL OIL, HIGH ENERGY INTENSITY, HYDROLOGY, HYDROPOWER, HYDROPOWER PLANT, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORTS, IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY, INCENTIVES, INCOME, INSURANCE, INSURANCE INSTRUMENTS, INVESTMENT, INVESTMENTS, IPCC, LAKES, LEAD, LESS, LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS, LNG, LNG TERMINAL, LOAD SHEDDING, LOW-CARBON, METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS, METHANE, MODELS, N2O, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NITROUS OXIDE, NO, NUCLEAR POWER, OIL, OIL PRODUCTION, OIL REFINERIES, OIL REFINERY, OPTIONS, PETROLEUM, PIPELINE, POLICIES, PORTFOLIO, POWER, POWER DISTRIBUTION, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANT, POWER PRODUCERS, POWER PRODUCTION, POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS, POWER SECTOR, POWER SUPPLY, PRECIPITATION, PRESENT VALUE, PRICE, PRICES, RAINFALL, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES, RESERVOIRS, RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, RISK MANAGEMENT, SEA LEVELS, SECURITY OF ENERGY SUPPLY, SENSITIVITY ANALYSES, SMALL HYDROPOWER, SO2, SOLAR ENERGY, SOLAR ENERGY PRODUCTION, SOLAR POWER, SOLAR POWER PLANTS, SOLAR WATER HEATING, SPACE COOLING, SPACE HEATING, SULPHUR, SULPHUR DIOXIDE, SUMMER PEAK, SUMMER PEAK DEMAND, SURFACE TEMPERATURE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE USE, TARIFF, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, THERMAL POWER, THERMAL POWER PLANT, THERMAL POWER PLANTS, TOTAL DEMAND, TRANSMISSION CAPACITY, TRANSMISSION CONSTRAINTS, TRANSMISSION GRID, TRANSMISSION INTERCONNECTION, TRANSMISSION LINES, TRANSMISSION SYSTEM, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEP, WATER, WATER QUALITY, WEATHER PATTERNS, WIND, WIND FARMS, WIND POWER, WIND POWER GENERATION, WIND PROJECTS, WIND SPEEDS, WMO,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100314233821 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3171
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