Rural Out-Migration and Family Life in Cities in Mongolia

There is a growing concern among policy makers and the international development community about the rapid concentration of migrants in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar (UB) and its social, economic, and environmental consequences (UNDP, 2003). These concerns call for a good understanding of the nature of migration in Mongolia and its impacts on the life of migrants. Using the 2007-08 Household Economic and Social Survey of Mongolia, this paper aims to: (a) document the characteristics of recent internal migration in Mongolia; and (b) assess the livelihoods of rural-to-urban migrants in comparison to those staying in rural areas as well as to local urban residents. The analysis in this paper suggests that rural out-migration is negatively correlated with the chance of falling into poverty. For those who did not migrate from rural areas, their poverty incidence was much higher, and their consumption level much lower, than that of rural-to-urban migrants. However, not all urban destinations are equal: there is a large discrepancy in livelihoods between those moving to aimag centers versus those moving the UB. The poverty incidence of rural migrant families moving into aimag centers was 33 percent, whereas 24 percent for those migrant families moving into UB.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Shi, Anqing
Format:	Report biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-05-12
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ADULT POPULATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AIR POLLUTION, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, CENTRAL REGION, CITIES, CLEAN WATER, CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, CONSUMPTION POVERTY, DISTRICTS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSECURITY, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARMERS, FEMALE MIGRANTS, FERTILITY, FIREWOOD, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD EXPENDITURES, GENDER, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUNTING, IMMIGRANTS, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LACK OF WATER, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVEL OF FERTILITY, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM MIGRANTS, LONG-TERM RESIDENTS, MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS, MARITAL STATUS, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION DATA, MIGRATION FLOW, MIGRATION FLOWS, MORTALITY, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATURAL DISASTERS, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY MAKERS, POOR, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION CONCENTRATION, POPULATION CONFERENCE, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION MIGRATION, POPULATION MOVEMENT, POTABLE WATER, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY THRESHOLD, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRESS, REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION, REGIONAL MIGRATION, REGIONAL PATTERN, REGIONAL PATTERNS, REGIONALIZATION, REMITTANCE, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RURAL, RURAL ________________________________________________________________________ WORK, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DISPARITIES, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL LABORERS, RURAL MIGRANTS, RURAL MIGRATION, RURAL ORIGIN, RURAL RESIDENCE, RURAL RESIDENTS, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SERVICE PROVISION, SMALL VILLAGES, SOCIAL COMMISSION, SOCIAL SERVICES, SPOUSE, SUBSISTENCE, TOWNS, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATION GROWTH, URBANIZATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/432631468323707757/Rural-out-migration-and-family-life-in-cities-in-Mongolia-background-paper http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27412
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