The Role of Agriculture in a Modernizing Society : Food, Farms and Fields in China 2030

China's success in addressing food problems after adopting the reforms in 1978 has been nothing less than remarkable. Grain output (rice, wheat and maize) has almost doubled and most hunger has been eliminated. Ever since China embarked on its reform agenda more than 30 years ago, its economic growth and poverty reduction have been nothing less than remarkable. Agriculture has been an important contributor to these developments. Since 1978, China has almost doubled its cereal production (rice, wheat and maize) and it is now feeding 1.3 billion people, or 20 percent of the world's population, while having less than 11 percent of the world s agricultural land and less than 6 percent of its water. New challenges are presenting themselves for China's agriculture, and old ones are resurfacing. High (land saving) Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth and increasingly open domestic and international markets, combined with grain self-sufficiency targets, a multitude of very small, fragmented production structures, and distorted land and labor markets have defined Chinese agriculture over the past three decades. The relative importance of agriculture s three problems in policymaking thus evolves during the course of development away from the food to the farm and field problems. This shift has however recently been compounded by a resurgence of the food problem, as global supplies struggle to keep up with demand. China's agriculture anno 2030 will be predominantly a modern commercial smallholder agriculture that ensures self-sufficiency in cereal food (rice and wheat), but not in cereal feed (maize and soybeans). The sector will maximize rural employment opportunities in labor intensive high value agricultural products and act as a diligent custodian of its precious natural resources.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Christiaensen, Luc
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012-05
Subjects:	ACCESS TO FOOD, AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY, AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, AGRICULTURAL LABOR, AGRICULTURAL LAND, AGRICULTURAL MARKET, AGRICULTURAL MARKETING, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL R&D, AGRICULTURAL SECTORS, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION, AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, ANIMAL FEED, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, ANIMAL PRODUCTION, ANIMAL PRODUCTS, ANIMAL WASTE, ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT, ANIMALS, APPLES, AQUACULTURE, AQUATIC PRODUCTS, AVIAN FLU, BARLEY, BASIC NEEDS, BEEF, BRAN, BREEDING, BULK COMMODITIES, CAPITA INCOMES, CARBOHYDRATES, CASH CROPS, CASSAVA, CEREAL IMPORTS, CEREAL PRICES, CEREAL PRODUCTION, CEREAL TRADE, CEREALS, CGIAR, CHEMICAL INPUTS, CHEMICAL PESTICIDES, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, COMMERCIALIZATION, COMMODITY PRICE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITION FOR WATER, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, CONSULTATIVE GROUP ON INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, CORN, COTTON, COTTON PRODUCTION, CROP, CROP LAND, CROP PRODUCTION, CROP VARIETIES, CROPLAND, CROPPING, CULTIVATED LAND, CULTIVATION, DAIRY, DAIRY PRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DIET, DOMESTIC LIVESTOCK, DRAINAGE, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDIBLE OILS, ELASTICITY, EXTENSION AGENTS, FAMINES, FAO, FARM, FARM ACTIVITIES, FARM EMPLOYMENT, FARM INCOME, FARM INCOMES, FARM LAND, FARM STRUCTURES, FARMER, FARMER COOPERATIVES, FARMERS, FARMING, FARMLAND, FARMS, FEED GRAINS, FEEDS, FERTILIZER, FERTILIZER USE, FERTILIZERS, FOOD CHAIN, FOOD FOR ALL, FOOD GRAINS, FOOD INDUSTRY, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD MARKETS, FOOD POLICIES, FOOD POLICY, FOOD POLICY RESEARCH, FOOD PRICE INFLATION, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PROBLEMS, FOOD SAFETY, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLIES, FOOD SUPPLY, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FRUIT, FRUITS, GARLIC, GDP, GENETIC RESOURCES, GRAIN, GRAIN CROPS, GRAIN FARMING, GRAIN MARKETING, GRAIN PRICES, GRAIN PRODUCTION, GRAINS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS VALUE, GROUND WATER, GROUNDNUT, GROUNDWATER, GROWTH IN AGRICULTURE, HAZARDS, HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS, HORTICULTURE, HOUSING, HUNGER, IFPRI, INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND, INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH CENTERS, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, IRRIGATION, KITCHEN GARDENS, LABOR COSTS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKETS, LAND DISTRIBUTION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND PRODUCTIVITY, LARGE FARMS, LETTUCE, LIVELIHOODS, LIVESTOCK, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY, MAIZE, MAIZE PRODUCTION, MEAT, MEAT PRODUCTION, MILK, MILLET, MULTIPLE CROPPING, MUTTON, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUTRIENT DEFICIENCY, OIL CROPS, OIL SEEDS, OILSEED, OILSEED CAKES, OILSEEDS, ORCHARDS, PASTURES, PEPPER, PESTICIDE, PESTICIDES, PLANTING, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, PORK, POTATO, POTATOES, POULTRY, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRODUCE, PRODUCTION COST, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTION SYSTEM, PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, PROTEIN, RAPESEED, REAL INCOME, RESISTANT VARIETIES, RICE, RICE BRAN, RICE FIELDS, RICE PRICES, RICE PRODUCTION, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL INCOME, RURAL ROADS, SAFETY ISSUES, SAFETY PROBLEMS, SEED COMPANIES, SESAME, SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL EROSION, SOIL FERTILITY, SORGHUM, SOYBEAN, SOYBEANS, SPINACH, SUGAR, SUGAR BEET, SUGAR CROPS, SUGARCANE, SUNFLOWER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TOBACCO, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TUBERS, URBANIZATION, VALUE OF OUTPUT, VEGETABLE PRODUCTION, VEGETABLES, VETERINARY DRUGS, WAGES, WATER RESOURCES, WATER SCARCITY, WHEAT, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, YIELD LOSSES, YIELDS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/799991468220149896/The-role-of-agriculture-in-a-modernizing-society-food-farms-and-fields-in-China-2030 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/26882
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!