All in My Head? : The Play of Exclusion and Discrimination in the Labor Market

Labor market discrimination is very difficult to pinpoint, even more difficult to measure and almost impossible to “prove”. It has been studied in many disciplines of which economics and sociology are prime. The latter has focused more on the manner in which discrimination plays out and how it is related to different forms of social stratification. This paper reviews the literature and makes two main contributions: first, it builds a four-fold typology to think about discrimination—overt or covert; conscious or unconscious; legal or illegal and real or perceived. Second, it identifies screens and filters—devices through which discrimination plays out in the labor market. Unless more empirical studies identify the play of discrimination and exclusion, subordinate groups may well be told that discrimination is actually in their heads—that they are imagining it.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Das, Maitreyi Bordia
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015-10
Subjects:	FAMILY LAW, JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, GENDER STEREOTYPING, GENDER INEQUALITY, RETIREMENT, FOREIGN-OWNED FIRMS, SEXES, EQUAL FOOTING, INFORMATION, LABOR FORCE, DISCRIMINATION, JOB, EFFECTS, MINIMUM AGE OF MARRIAGE, FAIR, COMPETITIVE PRODUCT, PRICING, ENTRY-LEVEL JOBS, PRICE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, PAID MATERNITY, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, RENTS, EFFICIENCY WAGES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, HUMAN RESOURCE, LABOR MARKET, MATERNITY LEAVE, EQUAL TERMS, MATHEMATICS, DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN, TRAINING, LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTATION, FEMALE CANDIDATES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, WORKER, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, PRODUCTIVITY, UNEMPLOYED, IMPERFECT INFORMATION, EQUALITY AT WORK, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, JOB MARKET, MARKETS, ORGANIZATIONS, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, SELF EMPLOYMENT, MARRIAGE, PRODUCT, LABOR, PRIMARY SCHOOL, DISADVANTAGED WORKERS, LABOUR MARKETS, MIGRANTS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SEX DISCRIMINATION, EFFICIENCY, FEMALE LABOR, FORM OF DISCRIMINATION, LABOR MARKET DISCRIMINATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, AGE OF MARRIAGE, MARKET SEGMENTATION, MIGRANT, DISCRIMINATORY ATTITUDES, PREVIOUS WORK, WORKERS, WAGES, INFORMAL LABOR MARKETS, MARKET SURVEYS, EXPORT PROCESSING ZONES, EQUAL REMUNERATION CONVENTION, WOMEN WORKERS, LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION, VALUE, GENDER, ACT OF DISCRIMINATION, CLERKS, WOMEN MIGRANTS, DIVISION OF LABOR, DEMAND, EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION, OCCUPATIONS, FEMALE WORKERS, LABOUR MARKET, OCCUPATION, FAMILY LAWS, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, MIGRANT WORKERS, PRIVATE SECTOR, MARKET, DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES, ECONOMICS, PRICE DISCRIMINATION, OLDER WOMEN, MANPOWER, MARKET COMPETITION, MANAGEMENT, MIGRATION POLICIES, PREGNANT WOMEN, EQUAL REMUNERATION, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES, EMPLOYABILITY, LABOUR FORCE, RISK, HUMAN RESOURCES, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, SUPPLY, YOUNGER WORKERS, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, DISCRIMINATORY LAWS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAW, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, WOMEN, LABOUR, SEXISM, LABOR MARKETS, OUTCOMES, CIVIL RIGHTS, EXPLOITATION OF WOMEN, WAGE PREMIUMS, GENDER EQUALITY, FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, INEQUALITY, EMPLOYEES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25230811/all-head-play-exclusion-discrimination-labor-market http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22890
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