Labor Market Inequalities in FYR Macedonia : New Evidence on Gender and Ethnicity

The study includes an analysis of inequality patterns in terms of labor force participation as well as a review of policy responses, and areas for possible further policy action. In particular, the report looks at the two main dimensions of inequality that characterize Macedonia’s labor market: gender and ethnicity. Almost half the female working age population is inactive, whereas male inactivity is considerably lower. Labor market outcomes also vary significantly with ethnicity. In particular, a strong interaction exists between gender and ethnicity, with ethnic minority women forming a particularly vulnerable group. Hence, it is worthwhile to investigate in more detail how gender and ethnicity shape the Macedonian labor market, and how public policy could be used to increase labor market participation and job opportunities for women and ethnic minorities. This report is organized as follows. First, the report describes the main characteristics of the Macedonian labor market, emphasizing the most important patterns of inequality in terms of labor market participation (section two). Section three addresses the possible causes of these inequality patterns. Section four discusses potential policy responses and concludes.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Report biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2015-06
Subjects:	JOBS, EMPLOYMENT, AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, EMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, PRIVATE TRAINING PROVIDERS, SKILLED WORKERS, RETIREMENT, INFORMAL SECTOR, PREVIOUS SECTION, TRAINING PROVIDERS, MINIMUM WAGE, PUBLIC SECTOR JOB, AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, RURAL WOMEN, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC VOLATILITY, AGE GROUP, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE, HEALTH INSURANCE, PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT, JOB, PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, LABOR ECONOMICS, SERVANTS, DISPLACEMENT EFFECT, EMPLOYMENT RATES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, PRIVATE TRAINING, EMPLOYMENT TRAINING, EARLY RETIREMENT, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, DRIVERS, FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS, JOB SEEKERS, WORK EXPERIENCE, PRIMARY REASON, GAINFUL EMPLOYMENT, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, LABOR MARKET, MATERNITY LEAVE, REASSIGNMENT, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ECONOMIC MOBILITY, DISPLACEMENT, WORKER, INCOME INEQUALITY, PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS, JOB-SEARCH ACTIVITIES, UNEMPLOYED, FULL TIME JOB, JOB LOSS, OLDER WORKERS, JOB MARKET, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, DOWNWARD PRESSURE, LABOR CONTRACTS, UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE, LABOR, PRIME AGE, JOB SEARCH, LABOR REGULATION, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, SKILLED WORKER, FEMALE LABOR, EXPECTED WAGES, UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WORKERS, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, YOUNG WORKERS, LABOR LAWS, REGIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, LOCAL LABOR MARKETS, AVERAGE WAGE, JOB VACANCIES, MALE COUNTERPARTS, OCCUPATIONS, DISADVANTAGED YOUTH, AGE GROUPS, LABOUR MARKET, SAFETY NET, WORKING POOR, WAGE FLOOR, DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, JOB CREATION, LABOR RELATIONS, PRIVATE SECTOR, EARNING, LABOR MOBILITY, PART TIME EMPLOYMENT, COLLECTIVE BARGAINING, PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS, MANAGEMENT, LABOR ORGANIZATION, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT, DISMISSAL, EMPLOYABILITY, LOCAL FIRM, SKILLED OCCUPATIONS, EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES, DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS, CREATING JOBS, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET REGULATIONS, DISCIPLINE, BUSINESS FAILURE, EMPLOYEE, YOUNGER WORKERS, YOUTH TRAINING, LABOR SUPPLY, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, LOCAL LABOR MARKET, UNSKILLED WORKERS, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS, JOB SKILLS, FINDING WORK, JOB SECURITY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIVATE COMPANIES, WAGE EARNER, LABOUR, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, LABOR MARKETS, PUBLIC SERVICE, LOW EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, PRIVATE SECTORS, UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEM, SMALL BUSINESSES, LABOR REGULATIONS, EMPLOYEES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24871323/labor-market-inequalities-fyr-macedonia-new-evidence-gender-ethnicity http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22495
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