Internationalization of Higher Education in MENA : Policy Issues Associated with Skills Formation and Mobility

This policy issues note is focused on internationalization of higher education and the linkages and implications that internationalization has for skills mobility. Internationalization is one of the most important developments that globalization has brought to higher education worldwide. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, it has turned into quite a complex undertaking. The Arab Spring has made it clear that young people in MENA are asking for more and better opportunities: to study and work; to move about the world; and to learn and to create new knowledge and enterprises. Higher education, migration, and labor mobility are key policy areas as MENA nations address the need for a strong skills base to underpin the economic and social development of the regions disparate economies. All three policy areas share an interest in the development, recognition, and application of educational qualifications, in the quality of education and training, and in the ability of people to acquire, provide, and use education for their own well-being and for their nation's benefit. This note is intended to be the base document for a policy dialogue integrating the three issues associated with the development of human capital: higher education, migration, and labor mobility. This note seeks to introduce a systematic policy discussion about the internationalization of higher education to help MENA countries improve the quality and relevance of their higher education systems, open opportunities for better skills development, and improve high-skilled labor migration. There are important interactions among the formation of skills and competencies, the acquisition of credentials and qualifications, and where and how those skills are applied. These include the quality of education, the ease with which credentials are recognized in different countries, the role of international partners, and the incentives to study and work in the region and elsewhere. This note will explore how a regional approach to accreditation and recognition of qualifications could bring benefits and understanding of the complex interactions among student mobility, domestic higher education, and the economic and social development priorities of MENA countries. It will also provide evidence on the importance of setting goals for intra-regional student mobility and for student and faculty flows into the region through accreditation, student and faculty exchange, hiring incentives, and research infrastructure including competitive research grants. Finally, the note will demonstrate the need for a clear policy on the 'export of educational services.'

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Jaramillo, Adriana, Ruby, Alan, Henard, Fabrice, Zaafrane, Hafedh
Format:	Policy Note biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2011-01
Subjects:	ACADEMIC COMMUNITY, ACADEMIC FREEDOM, ACADEMIC PROGRAMS, ACADEMIC RESEARCH, ACADEMIC STAFF, ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION, ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION, ACCREDITATION, ACCREDITATION BODIES, ACCREDITATION SYSTEMS, ADVANCED DEGREES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC SKILLS, BINDING, BOARDS OF TRUSTEES, BRAIN DRAIN, BRAIN DRAIN PROBLEM, BUSINESS SCHOOL, CAREER, CAREER OPPORTUNITIES, CAREER PROSPECTS, COMMUNITY COLLEGES, CONVENTIONAL UNIVERSITY, COUNTRY CASE STUDIES, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, COURSE CONTENT, COURSE DELIVERY, COURSE OFFERINGS, CREDIT TRANSFER, CURRICULUM, DEGREE PROGRAMS, DEGREES, DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, DIASPORA, DIPLOMAS, DISCIPLINES, DISTANCE EDUCATION, DISTANCE LEARNING, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATED CITIZENS, EDUCATED MIGRANTS, EDUCATED PEOPLE, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS, EDUCATIONAL SERVICES, EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES, EDUCATORS, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENGINEERING EDUCATION, ENROLLMENT, FACULTY MEMBERS, FACULTY MOBILITY, FEE PAYING STUDENTS, FIELDS OF STUDY, FLOWS OF PEOPLE, FOREIGN RESEARCHERS, FOREIGN STUDENTS, FOREIGN UNIVERSITIES, FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT, GLOBAL LABOR MARKET, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR, HIGHER EDUCATION STANDARDS, HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS, HIGHER EDUCATION SUPPLY, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS, HOST COUNTRIES, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION POLICY, INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITATION, INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION, INTERNATIONAL KNOWLEDGE, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS, INTERNATIONALIZATION, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PROJECTIONS, LABOR MARKET FORECASTING, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOUR MARKET, LEARNING, LEARNING ENVIRONMENT, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LECTURES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL LABOR MARKET, LOCAL UNIVERSITIES, MBA, MEDICAL SCHOOL, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MODERNIZATION, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL OBJECTIVES, NATURAL SCIENCES, OPEN ACCESS, OPEN UNIVERSITY, PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, PEER REVIEW, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTES, POST-GRADUATE STUDENTS, POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRINCIPALS, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PRIVATE TERTIARY EDUCATION, PROFESSORS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY ASSESSMENT, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, RATE OF GROWTH, REMITTANCES, RESEARCH AGENDA, RESEARCH CAPACITY, RESEARCH CENTERS, RESEARCH COLLABORATION, RESEARCH COMMUNITIES, RESEARCH COOPERATION, RESEARCH GRANTS, RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES, RESEARCH PROGRAMS, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCHERS, SCHOLARS, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOL DROPOUTS, SCHOOL EDUCATION, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENTISTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILLED INDIVIDUALS, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED PEOPLE, SKILLED PROFESSIONALS, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SCIENCES, STUDENT ADMISSIONS, STUDENT EMPLOYMENT, STUDENT MOBILITY, STUDENT POPULATION, STUDY ABROAD, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TECHNICAL FIELDS, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY EDUCATION SECTOR, TERTIARY EDUCATION SYSTEMS, TERTIARY ENROLLMENTS, TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRAINING COSTS, TUITION, TUITION FEES, UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, UNIVERSITY LEVEL, UNIVERSITY PROGRAMS, VIRTUAL EDUCATION, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG POPULATIONS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/01/15155739/internationalization-higher-education-mena-policy-issues-associated-skills-formation-mobility http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19461
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