Social stratification without genetic differentiation at the site of Kulubnarti in Christian Period Nubia

Relatively little is known about Nubia’s genetic landscape prior to the influence of the Islamic migrations that began in the late 1st millennium CE. Here, we increase the number of ancient individuals with genome-level data from the Nile Valley from three to 69, reporting data for 66 individuals from two cemeteries at the Christian Period (~650–1000 CE) site of Kulubnarti, where multiple lines of evidence suggest social stratification. The Kulubnarti Nubians had ~43% Nilotic-related ancestry (individual variation between ~36–54%) with the remaining ancestry consistent with being introduced through Egypt and ultimately deriving from an ancestry pool like that found in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant. The Kulubnarti gene pool – shaped over a millennium – harbors disproportionately female-associated West Eurasian-related ancestry. Genetic similarity among individuals from the two cemeteries supports a hypothesis of social division without genetic distinction. Seven pairs of inter-cemetery relatives suggest fluidity between cemetery groups. Present-day Nubians are not directly descended from the Kulubnarti Nubians, attesting to additional genetic input since the Christian Period.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Sirak, Kendra, Fernandes, Daniel, Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Mah, Matthew, Olalde, Iñigo, Ringbauer, Harald, Rohland, Nadin, Hadden, Carla S., Harney, Éadaoin, Adamski, Nicole, Bernardos, Rebecca, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Callan, Kimberly, Matthew, Ferry, Lawson, Ann Marie, Michel, Megan, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Stweardson, Krstin, Zalzala, Fatma, Patterson, Nick, Pinhasi, Ron, Thompson, Jessica C., Gerven, Dennis van, Reich, David
Other Authors:	National Science Foundation (US)
Format:	artículo biblioteca
Published:	Nature Publishing Group 2021-12-14
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10261/263870 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000925 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000011 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000952
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