Conservation des ressources genetiques cafeieres en vitrotheque
ORSTOM expeditions in Africa have allowed to establish important field collections from different species of cultivated and spontaneous coffee trees (Berthaud and Charrier, 1988). Conservation and exploitation should be improved by new technologies such as in vitro culture and cryopreservation. Micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis on calluses are already operationnal for the cultivated coffee trees (Sondahl, 1988; Dublin, 1984). ORSTOM, in Montpellier, has started several genetic resources conservation experiments in laboratory, in order to appreciate the possibilities and the limits of this approach. The introduction of coffee trees in laboratory has been performed by in vitro culture of zygotic embryos which permitted to establish a working in vitro collection. In addition to the two cultivated species C. arabica and C. canephora, fifteen species from the Coffea genus are yet available. This collection of miniaturized plants in tubes is multiplicated by microcutting based on the development of latent buds in the aim of obtaining an optimal security for the maintenance of the genetic stability. For the medium-term storage, the microplants are maintained under growth-limiting conditions (lower nutrients contents, low temperatures). The long-term storage in the laboratory comes under other techniques such as cryopreservation. This has been realized successfully with two embryogenic strains, one from C. arabica, the other form C. canephora : in both cases we noticed the recovery of an adventive embryogenesis of somatic embryos after freezing in liquid nitrogen
| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | biblioteca |
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París (Francia)
1990
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| Sujets: | COFFEA, RECURSOS GENETICOS, GERMOPLASMA, CONSERVACION DEL GERMOPLASMA, CULTIVO IN VITRO, CONGELACION, EMBRION SOMATICO, |
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