Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and its spread across the new world :
The coffee rust fungus, Hemileia vastatrix, Berk. & Br. is indigenous to Eastern and Central Africa, the centre of diversity of the genus Coffea. Although the disease was first recognized in Sri Lanka (Ceylon) in 1869 from where it spread to major coffee areas in Asia and Africa it took until 1970 before it was first seen in Brazil. From Bahia State the disease spread rapidly to other states in Brazil southwestwards at a speed of about 500 km a year following the direction of the prevailing winds. It is assumed that the jump of the disease across the Amazon basin may have occurred by direct conveyance of diseased coffee seedlings or by carriage of spores on clothing from eastern Brazil. The case of Nicaragua is discussed separately. This central American country experienced rust invasion in 1976. By rigid quarantine measures and abundant fungicide spraying the outbreak was contained within the Carazo district. Spread of coffee rust in the Andean region of South America follows a steady pattern: Peru and Bolivia in 1979, Ecuador in 1981, Colombia in 1983 and Venezuela in 1984. Concerning Central America: Honduras and Guatemala in 1980, Mexico in 1981, Costa Rica in 1985 and finally Jamaica as late as 1986. As to the mechanism of disease spread, this paper confirms previous research on this matter that the rust pathogen is mainly dispersed by airborne spores, carried by prevailing winds. However the possibility of mechanical transmission through human agency, insects and birds should not be ruled out
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Published: |
Chiang Mai (Tailandia)
1988
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| Subjects: | COFFEA ARABICA, HEMILEIA VASTATRIX, ENFERMEDADES FUNGOSAS, DISTRIBUCION NATURAL, TRANSMISION DE ENFERMEDADES, BRASIL, NICARAGUA, |
| Online Access: | http://orton.catie.ac.cr/repdoc/ |
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