Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment
In this work, a rapid detection method using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ETV-AAS) was established for cadmium in chocolate. The instrumental system includes a solid sampling ETV unit, a catalytic pyrolysis furnace, an AAS detector, and a gas supply system with only an air pump and a hydrogen generator. Herein, MgO material with 1.0–1.5 mm particle size was first employed to replace the kaolin filler previously used to further shorten the peak width and to thereby improve the sensitivity. With 350 mL/min of air, a chocolate sample was heated for 25 s from 435 to 464 C to remove water and organic matrices; then, after supplying 240 mL/min hydrogen and turning down air to 120 mL/min, a N2/H2 mixture gas was formed to accelerate Cd vaporization from chocolate residue under 465 to 765 C. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (LOD) was obviously lowered to 70 pg/g (vs. previous 150 pg/g) with R2 > 0.999; the relative standard deviations (RSD) of repeated measurements for real chocolate samples ranged from 1.5% to 6.4%, indicating a favorable precision; and the Cd recoveries were in the range of 93–107%, proving a satisfied accuracy. Thus, the total analysis time is less than 3 min without the sample digestion process. Thereafter, 78 chocolate samples with different brands from 9 producing countries in China market were collected and measured by this proposed method. Based on the measured Cd concentrations, a dietary exposure assessment was performed for Chinese residents, and the target hazard quotient (THQ) values are all less than 1, proving no significant health risk from intaking chocolate cadmium for Chinese residents.
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Basel, Switzerland Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
2022
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| Subjects: | chocolate, cadmium, electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry, solid sampling, assessment, |
| Online Access: | https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1sdeFwIRMySY5Fox3l3USEIGFPHruEX01?usp=sharing |
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KOHA-OAI-BVE:1504682022-11-08T22:48:55ZFast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment Jia, Hongyu Li, Xue Lan, Guanyu Wang, Zhaohui Feng, Li Mao, Xuefei textBasel, Switzerland Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2022 dIn this work, a rapid detection method using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ETV-AAS) was established for cadmium in chocolate. The instrumental system includes a solid sampling ETV unit, a catalytic pyrolysis furnace, an AAS detector, and a gas supply system with only an air pump and a hydrogen generator. Herein, MgO material with 1.0–1.5 mm particle size was first employed to replace the kaolin filler previously used to further shorten the peak width and to thereby improve the sensitivity. With 350 mL/min of air, a chocolate sample was heated for 25 s from 435 to 464 C to remove water and organic matrices; then, after supplying 240 mL/min hydrogen and turning down air to 120 mL/min, a N2/H2 mixture gas was formed to accelerate Cd vaporization from chocolate residue under 465 to 765 C. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (LOD) was obviously lowered to 70 pg/g (vs. previous 150 pg/g) with R2 > 0.999; the relative standard deviations (RSD) of repeated measurements for real chocolate samples ranged from 1.5% to 6.4%, indicating a favorable precision; and the Cd recoveries were in the range of 93–107%, proving a satisfied accuracy. Thus, the total analysis time is less than 3 min without the sample digestion process. Thereafter, 78 chocolate samples with different brands from 9 producing countries in China market were collected and measured by this proposed method. Based on the measured Cd concentrations, a dietary exposure assessment was performed for Chinese residents, and the target hazard quotient (THQ) values are all less than 1, proving no significant health risk from intaking chocolate cadmium for Chinese residents.In this work, a rapid detection method using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ETV-AAS) was established for cadmium in chocolate. The instrumental system includes a solid sampling ETV unit, a catalytic pyrolysis furnace, an AAS detector, and a gas supply system with only an air pump and a hydrogen generator. Herein, MgO material with 1.0–1.5 mm particle size was first employed to replace the kaolin filler previously used to further shorten the peak width and to thereby improve the sensitivity. With 350 mL/min of air, a chocolate sample was heated for 25 s from 435 to 464 C to remove water and organic matrices; then, after supplying 240 mL/min hydrogen and turning down air to 120 mL/min, a N2/H2 mixture gas was formed to accelerate Cd vaporization from chocolate residue under 465 to 765 C. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit (LOD) was obviously lowered to 70 pg/g (vs. previous 150 pg/g) with R2 > 0.999; the relative standard deviations (RSD) of repeated measurements for real chocolate samples ranged from 1.5% to 6.4%, indicating a favorable precision; and the Cd recoveries were in the range of 93–107%, proving a satisfied accuracy. Thus, the total analysis time is less than 3 min without the sample digestion process. Thereafter, 78 chocolate samples with different brands from 9 producing countries in China market were collected and measured by this proposed method. Based on the measured Cd concentrations, a dietary exposure assessment was performed for Chinese residents, and the target hazard quotient (THQ) values are all less than 1, proving no significant health risk from intaking chocolate cadmium for Chinese residents.chocolatecadmiumelectrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometrysolid samplingassessmenthttps://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1sdeFwIRMySY5Fox3l3USEIGFPHruEX01?usp=sharing |
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chocolate cadmium electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry solid sampling assessment chocolate cadmium electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry solid sampling assessment |
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chocolate cadmium electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry solid sampling assessment chocolate cadmium electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry solid sampling assessment Jia, Hongyu Li, Xue Lan, Guanyu Wang, Zhaohui Feng, Li Mao, Xuefei Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| description |
In this work, a rapid detection method using solid sampling electrothermal vaporization
atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ETV-AAS) was established for cadmium in chocolate. The
instrumental system includes a solid sampling ETV unit, a catalytic pyrolysis furnace, an AAS
detector, and a gas supply system with only an air pump and a hydrogen generator. Herein, MgO
material with 1.0–1.5 mm particle size was first employed to replace the kaolin filler previously used
to further shorten the peak width and to thereby improve the sensitivity. With 350 mL/min of air,
a chocolate sample was heated for 25 s from 435 to 464 C to remove water and organic matrices;
then, after supplying 240 mL/min hydrogen and turning down air to 120 mL/min, a N2/H2 mixture
gas was formed to accelerate Cd vaporization from chocolate residue under 465 to 765 C. Under
the optimized conditions, the detection limit (LOD) was obviously lowered to 70 pg/g (vs. previous
150 pg/g) with R2 > 0.999; the relative standard deviations (RSD) of repeated measurements for real
chocolate samples ranged from 1.5% to 6.4%, indicating a favorable precision; and the Cd recoveries
were in the range of 93–107%, proving a satisfied accuracy. Thus, the total analysis time is less than
3 min without the sample digestion process. Thereafter, 78 chocolate samples with different brands
from 9 producing countries in China market were collected and measured by this proposed method.
Based on the measured Cd concentrations, a dietary exposure assessment was performed for Chinese
residents, and the target hazard quotient (THQ) values are all less than 1, proving no significant
health risk from intaking chocolate cadmium for Chinese residents. |
| format |
Texto |
| topic_facet |
chocolate cadmium electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry solid sampling assessment |
| author |
Jia, Hongyu Li, Xue Lan, Guanyu Wang, Zhaohui Feng, Li Mao, Xuefei |
| author_facet |
Jia, Hongyu Li, Xue Lan, Guanyu Wang, Zhaohui Feng, Li Mao, Xuefei |
| author_sort |
Jia, Hongyu |
| title |
Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| title_short |
Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| title_full |
Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| title_fullStr |
Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fast Detection of Cadmium in Chocolate by Solid Sampling Electrothermal Vaporization Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Its Application on Dietary Exposure Risk Assessment |
| title_sort |
fast detection of cadmium in chocolate by solid sampling electrothermal vaporization atomic absorption spectrometry and its application on dietary exposure risk assessment |
| publisher |
Basel, Switzerland Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| url |
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1sdeFwIRMySY5Fox3l3USEIGFPHruEX01?usp=sharing |
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