Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism
Spiders-plant interactions are usually complex and affect their host plants in multiple ways. The lynx spider Peucetia viridans camouflages to hunt flower visitors and herbivores potentially reducing the levels of herbivory and reproduction of their host plant. Plus, these green spiders are usually associated with plant species presenting trichomes, which usually facilitate the spider predation. We determined the balance of this double interaction on the forb Ruellia nudiflora in a dry forest of Costa Rica. In three different sites we performed an experiment changing the spider color to red to determine whether the increment on the spider detectability affects pollinators visitation frequency. We also estimated spider, pollinators and herbivores abundance and the levels of herbivory, trichomes density and fruit set. The presence of the spider was not associated to a decrease in pollinators visitation or fruit set. Spiders were associated to plants with low trichomes density. Herbivory was higher in plants with spiders than in plant without them, however, plants with low herbivory level and without spiders presented higher trichomes density. Sites differed in their assemblages of pollinators and herbivores but this did not affect the interactions studied. This is the first study showing that the spider P. viridans is associated with plants of the same species with low trichome density. If this spider affects pollinators visitations, the adaptive value of trichomes would be double; they reduce herbivory and repel the presence of pollinators predators. These results highlight the relevance of studying both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to determine their relative importance.
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología
2013
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Tadey, Mariana Ayazo, Roger Carrasco-Rueda, Farah Christopher, Yuliana Domínguez, Marisol La Quay-Velázquez, Giomara San José, Miriam |
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Tadey, Mariana Ayazo, Roger Carrasco-Rueda, Farah Christopher, Yuliana Domínguez, Marisol La Quay-Velázquez, Giomara San José, Miriam Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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Tadey, Mariana Ayazo, Roger Carrasco-Rueda, Farah Christopher, Yuliana Domínguez, Marisol La Quay-Velázquez, Giomara San José, Miriam |
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Tadey, Mariana |
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Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
| title_full |
Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism |
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Spiders-plant interactions are usually complex and affect their host plants in multiple ways. The lynx spider Peucetia viridans camouflages to hunt flower visitors and herbivores potentially reducing the levels of herbivory and reproduction of their host plant. Plus, these green spiders are usually associated with plant species presenting trichomes, which usually facilitate the spider predation. We determined the balance of this double interaction on the forb Ruellia nudiflora in a dry forest of Costa Rica. In three different sites we performed an experiment changing the spider color to red to determine whether the increment on the spider detectability affects pollinators visitation frequency. We also estimated spider, pollinators and herbivores abundance and the levels of herbivory, trichomes density and fruit set. The presence of the spider was not associated to a decrease in pollinators visitation or fruit set. Spiders were associated to plants with low trichomes density. Herbivory was higher in plants with spiders than in plant without them, however, plants with low herbivory level and without spiders presented higher trichomes density. Sites differed in their assemblages of pollinators and herbivores but this did not affect the interactions studied. This is the first study showing that the spider P. viridans is associated with plants of the same species with low trichome density. If this spider affects pollinators visitations, the adaptive value of trichomes would be double; they reduce herbivory and repel the presence of pollinators predators. These results highlight the relevance of studying both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to determine their relative importance. |
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Asociación Argentina de Ecología |
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2013 |
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https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1177 |
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rev-ecoaus-article-11772023-11-02T20:37:31Z Spider predation on floral visitors and herbivores, balance between mutualism and antagonism Depredación de arañas hacia visitantes florales y herbívoros, balance entre mutualismo y antagonismo Tadey, Mariana Ayazo, Roger Carrasco-Rueda, Farah Christopher, Yuliana Domínguez, Marisol La Quay-Velázquez, Giomara San José, Miriam trichome density visitation frequency fruit set predation risk densidad de tricomas frecuencia de visitas producción de frutos presión por depredación Spiders-plant interactions are usually complex and affect their host plants in multiple ways. The lynx spider Peucetia viridans camouflages to hunt flower visitors and herbivores potentially reducing the levels of herbivory and reproduction of their host plant. Plus, these green spiders are usually associated with plant species presenting trichomes, which usually facilitate the spider predation. We determined the balance of this double interaction on the forb Ruellia nudiflora in a dry forest of Costa Rica. In three different sites we performed an experiment changing the spider color to red to determine whether the increment on the spider detectability affects pollinators visitation frequency. We also estimated spider, pollinators and herbivores abundance and the levels of herbivory, trichomes density and fruit set. The presence of the spider was not associated to a decrease in pollinators visitation or fruit set. Spiders were associated to plants with low trichomes density. Herbivory was higher in plants with spiders than in plant without them, however, plants with low herbivory level and without spiders presented higher trichomes density. Sites differed in their assemblages of pollinators and herbivores but this did not affect the interactions studied. This is the first study showing that the spider P. viridans is associated with plants of the same species with low trichome density. If this spider affects pollinators visitations, the adaptive value of trichomes would be double; they reduce herbivory and repel the presence of pollinators predators. These results highlight the relevance of studying both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to determine their relative importance. Las relaciones entre arañas y plantas pueden ser complejas y afectar de modos múltiples a sus plantas hospederas. La araña verde, Peucetia viridans, utiliza el camuflaje para cazar visitantes florales e insectos herbívoros por lo cual podría reducir tanto los niveles de herbivoría como los de reproducción de la planta hospedadora. Además, esta araña suele estar asociada a plantas con tricomas que les facilitan la caza de sus presas. Determinamos el balance de esta doble interacción en una hierba (Ruellia nudiflora) en un Bosque seco de Costa Rica. En tres sitios de muestreo realizamos un experimento en el cual cambiamos el color de la araña pintándola de rojo para determinar si un incremento en su detectabilidad afectaba la visita de polinizadores. Estimamos la abundancia de arañas, polinizadores e insectos herbívoros así como también los niveles de herbivoría, densidad de tricomas y producción de frutos/flor de la planta. La presencia de la araña no estuvo asociada a cambios en la tasa de visita de polinizadores ni a una menor fructificación. Las arañas estuvieron asociadas a plantas con menor densidad de tricomas. Los niveles de herbivoría fueron mayores en plantas con arañas que sin arañas. Sin embargo, las plantas con menor nivel de herbivoría y sin arañas presentaron mayor densidad de tricomas. Los sitios mostraron diferencias en el ensamble de herbívoros y polinizadores pero esto no afectó las interacciones estudiadas. Este estudio es el primero en mostrar que las arañas están asociadas a una densidad baja de tricomas. Si las arañas realmente depredaran significativamente los visitantes florales, el valor adaptativo de los tricomas sería doble; por un lado la reducción de la herbivoría por insectos y por otro repeler la presencia de un eventual depredador de sus visitantes florales. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de estudiar en forma conjunta las interacciones mutualistas y antagonistas para determinar su importancia relativa. Asociación Argentina de Ecología 2013-08-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Articles Artículos application/pdf https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1177 10.25260/EA.13.23.2.0.1177 Ecología Austral; Vol. 23 No. 2 (2013): August 2013, Pages 77-142; 126-134 Ecología Austral; Vol. 23 Núm. 2 (2013): August 2013, Pages 77-142; 126-134 1667-782X 0327-5477 spa https://ojs.ecologiaaustral.com.ar/index.php/Ecologia_Austral/article/view/1177/571 Derechos de autor 2020 Mariana Tadey, Roger Ayazo, Farah Carrasco-Rueda, Yuliana Christopher, Marisol Domínguez, Giomara La Quay-Velázquez, Miriam San José https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |