Coccidioidomycosis and aspergillosis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae

Abstract: Introduction: Coccidioidomycosis is exclusive to the American continent, being endemic in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Aspergillosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by the saprophytic soil fungus Aspergillus spp. The main risk factors that favor the presence of these mycoses are structural lung damage and immunocompromise. Clinical case: We present a case of coinfection by Aspergillus spp. and Coccidioides spp. in a patient with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Sputum examination reported the simultaneous isolation of Coccidioides spp. and Aspergillus spp. Conclusions: In patients with respiratory symptoms and a history of tuberculosis and fibrocavitary sequelae, it is essential to rule out initially a tuberculosis relapse, but at the same time, investigate the presence of endemic and opportunistic fungi.