The induction of bone formation: From bone morphogenetic proteins to the transforming growth factor-ß3 protein - Redundancy, pleiotropy and the induction of cementogenesis
This review proposes to translate organogenesis and the induction of bone formation by the recombinant human transforming growth factor-ß3 (hTGF-ß3) in the Chacma baboon Papio ursinus to periodontal tissue induction and regeneration. Naturally derived highly purified osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) supergene family were implanted in Class II furcation defects of the first and second mandibular molars. Additional defects in P. ursinus were treated with recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1, also known as bone morphogenetic protein-7, hBMP-7) and hBMP-2, singly or in binary applications. In different studies defects were also implanted with hTGF-ß3 singly or in binary application with hOP-1. Harvested specimens on day 60 and 180 were processed for undecalcified histology using tungsten-carbide knives mounted on Polycut sledge' micro-tomes or the Exakt precision cutting and grinding system. Highly purified osteogenic proteins showed the induction of Sharpey's fibres into newly formed cementoid with foci of mineralization. hOP-1 induced substantial cementogenesis whilst hBMP-2 preferentially induced alveolar bone. Intramuscular implantation of hTGF-ß3 absorbed onto coral-derived macroporous bioreactors engineered large heterotopic multicellular bone organoids. Gene expression pathways by quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerases Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) show that the induction of bone is via several profiled BMPs and TGF-ßs expressed upon implantation of hTGF-ß3 recapitulating the synergistic induction of bone as shown by binary applications of low doses of hTGF-ß1 and hTGF-ß3 with hOP-1. The rapid induction of bone by hTGF-ß3 provides the framework for a paradigmatic shift from recombinant hBMPs to hTGF-ß3 in clinical contexts, provocatively operational in periodontal tissue regeneration with substantial induction of cementogenesis in angiogenesis.
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Format: | Digital revista |
Language: | English |
Published: |
The South African Dental Association (SADA)
2021
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Online Access: | http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-85162021000600004 |
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