The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms
Introduction: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charismatic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess their conservation status in Costa Rica (according to data in the UNA Onychophora Database) and compare it with equivalent data from elsewhere. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 species in the map of the Costa Rican Conservation Network. Results: We found that seven species are protected inside Forest Reserves, five in Protected Zones, four in Wildlife Refuges, two in National Parks and one, Principapillatus hitoyensis, in a strictly pristine Biological Reserve. The largest species in the world, Peripatus solorzanoi, occurs both inside a Forest Reserve and in protected private land. Protection inside Costa Rican nature areas is enforced year-round by personnel that includes armed guards and is supported by educational programs in surrounding communities. Twelve species have not been found in protected areas, but in Costa Rica, all biological species, named and unnamed, are protected by law and cannot be legally collected, or exported, without technically issued permits. Conclusion: Like in the only other country with similar information (New Zealand), the conservation of onychophorans seems to be of least concern for at least two thirds of the known Costa Rican species. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recently rediscovered after a century of absence in collections, can be considered Threatened because nearly all of its natural habitat has now been covered by a city.
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Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica
2019
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Morera-Brenes, Bernal Monge Nájera, Julián Carrera Mora, Paola |
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Morera-Brenes, Bernal Monge Nájera, Julián Carrera Mora, Paola The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
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Morera-Brenes, Bernal Monge Nájera, Julián Carrera Mora, Paola |
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Morera-Brenes, Bernal |
| title |
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
| title_short |
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
| title_full |
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
| title_fullStr |
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms |
| title_sort |
conservation status of costa rican velvet worms (onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with new zealand velvet worms |
| description |
Introduction: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charismatic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess their conservation status in Costa Rica (according to data in the UNA Onychophora Database) and compare it with equivalent data from elsewhere. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 species in the map of the Costa Rican Conservation Network. Results: We found that seven species are protected inside Forest Reserves, five in Protected Zones, four in Wildlife Refuges, two in National Parks and one, Principapillatus hitoyensis, in a strictly pristine Biological Reserve. The largest species in the world, Peripatus solorzanoi, occurs both inside a Forest Reserve and in protected private land. Protection inside Costa Rican nature areas is enforced year-round by personnel that includes armed guards and is supported by educational programs in surrounding communities. Twelve species have not been found in protected areas, but in Costa Rica, all biological species, named and unnamed, are protected by law and cannot be legally collected, or exported, without technically issued permits. Conclusion: Like in the only other country with similar information (New Zealand), the conservation of onychophorans seems to be of least concern for at least two thirds of the known Costa Rican species. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recently rediscovered after a century of absence in collections, can be considered Threatened because nearly all of its natural habitat has now been covered by a city. |
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Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica |
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2019 |
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https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2262 |
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oai:revistas.investiga.uned.ac.cr:article22622022-09-02T02:20:19Z The conservation status of Costa Rican velvet worms (Onychophora): geographic pattern, risk assessment and comparison with New Zealand velvet worms Estado de conservación en Costa Rica de gusanos de terciopelo (Onychophora): patrones geográficos, evaluación del riesgo y comparación con onicóforos de Nueva Zelanda Morera-Brenes, Bernal Monge Nájera, Julián Carrera Mora, Paola Peripatidae conservation status survival urban populations threatened species. Peripatidae estado de conservación sobrevivencia poblaciones urbanas especies amenazadas Introduction: Charismatic species, like the panda, play an important role in conservation, and velvet worms arguably are charismatic worms. Thanks to their extraordinary hunting mechanism, they have inspired from a female metal band in Japan, to origami worms in Russia and video game monsters in the USA. Objective: To assess their conservation status in Costa Rica (according to data in the UNA Onychophora Database) and compare it with equivalent data from elsewhere. Methods: we located all collection records of the 29 species in the map of the Costa Rican Conservation Network. Results: We found that seven species are protected inside Forest Reserves, five in Protected Zones, four in Wildlife Refuges, two in National Parks and one, Principapillatus hitoyensis, in a strictly pristine Biological Reserve. The largest species in the world, Peripatus solorzanoi, occurs both inside a Forest Reserve and in protected private land. Protection inside Costa Rican nature areas is enforced year-round by personnel that includes armed guards and is supported by educational programs in surrounding communities. Twelve species have not been found in protected areas, but in Costa Rica, all biological species, named and unnamed, are protected by law and cannot be legally collected, or exported, without technically issued permits. Conclusion: Like in the only other country with similar information (New Zealand), the conservation of onychophorans seems to be of least concern for at least two thirds of the known Costa Rican species. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recently rediscovered after a century of absence in collections, can be considered Threatened because nearly all of its natural habitat has now been covered by a city. Introducción: Las especies carismáticas, como el panda, desempeñan un papel importante en la conservación, y los gusanos de terciopelo posiblemente sean gusanos carismáticos. Gracias a su extraordinario mecanismo de caza, han inspirado a una banda de rock femenina en Japón, gusanos de origami en Rusia y monstruos de videojuegos en los Estados Unidos. Objetivo: Evaluar su estado de conservación en Costa Rica usando la Base de Datos de Onicóforos de la Universidad Nacional. Métodos: ubicamos todos los registros de recolección de las 29 especies conocidas en el mapa de la Red de Conservación de Costa Rica. Resultados: siete especies están protegidas dentro de Reservas Forestales, cinco en Zonas Protegidas, cuatro en Refugios de Vida Silvestre, dos en Parques Nacionales y una, Principapillatus hitoyensis, en una Reserva Biológica estrictamente prístina. La especie más grande del mundo, Peripatus solorzanoi, se encuentra tanto dentro de una Reserva Forestal como en terrenos privados protegidos. La protección dentro de las áreas naturales de Costa Rica la aplica todo el año personal que incluye guardias armados, y cuenta con el apoyo de programas educativos en las comunidades aledañas. Doce especies no se han encontrado en áreas protegidas, pero en Costa Rica, todas las especies biológicas, estén o no descritas formalmente, están protegidas por la ley y no pueden ser legalmente recolectadas o exportadas, sin permisos emitidos técnicamente. Conclusión: como en el único otro país con información similar (Nueva Zelanda), la conservación de los onicóforos parece ser menos preocupante para al menos dos tercios de las especies costarricenses conocidas. Epiperipatus isthmicola, recientemente redescubierta después de un siglo de ausencia en colecciones, puede considerarse amenazada porque casi todo su hábitat natural ha sido cubierto por una ciudad. Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica 2019-07-23 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion application/pdf text/html application/epub+zip https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2262 10.22458/urj.v11i3.2262 UNED Research Journal; Vol. 11 No. 3 (2019); 272-282 UNED Research Journal; Vol. 11 Núm. 3 (2019); 272-282 1659-441X 1659-4266 eng https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2262/3274 https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2262/3444 https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/2262/3445 Copyright (c) 2019 UNED Research Journal |