Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica
Introduction. The intake of heavy metals can cause health problems in animals. Objective. To determine the concentration of cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic in 34 imported balanced foods marketed in Costa Rica for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish. Materials and methods. The content of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in imported balanced foods for six pets was quantified during the months of May to October 2018. On a random basis, authorized feed stores were visited to purchased ten packages of dog and cat food, five for ornamental fish, four for turtles, three for hamsters, and two for rabbits. The samples were analyzed at the Animal Nutrition Research Center of the Universidad de Costa Rica using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite tube atomizer (As, Cd, Pb) and quartz cells (Hg). Results. The concentrations obtained in the food for dogs and cats, adults and puppies, rabbits, hamsters, ornamental fish, and turtles were for As 0.009, 0.013, 0.003, non-detectable (ND), ND, 0.036, and 0.113 ppm, respectively; for Cd ND, 0.021, 0.022, 0.031, 0.010, 0.037, 0.139, and 0.043 ppm, respectively; for Hg 0.101, 0.078, 0.045, 0.040, 0.031, 0.045, 0.032, and 0.032 ppm, respectively, and for Pb of 0.381, 0.885, 0.573, 0.740, 0.446, 0.732, 0.763, and 0.841 ppm, respectively. Conclusions. The contents of heavy metals in pet foods did not exceed the maximum values allowed for their commercialization. This work increases the information available on the safety of food for ornamental fish, hamsters, turtles, and rabbits, also promotes continuous monitoring strategies, and the understanding of the real potential for accumulation in animals, and its effects on their welfare.
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Universidad de Costa Rica
2022
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Naranjo-Jiménez, Carolina WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo |
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Naranjo-Jiménez, Carolina WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Naranjo-Jiménez, Carolina WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo |
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Naranjo-Jiménez, Carolina |
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Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica |
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arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in costa rica |
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Introduction. The intake of heavy metals can cause health problems in animals. Objective. To determine the concentration of cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic in 34 imported balanced foods marketed in Costa Rica for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish. Materials and methods. The content of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in imported balanced foods for six pets was quantified during the months of May to October 2018. On a random basis, authorized feed stores were visited to purchased ten packages of dog and cat food, five for ornamental fish, four for turtles, three for hamsters, and two for rabbits. The samples were analyzed at the Animal Nutrition Research Center of the Universidad de Costa Rica using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite tube atomizer (As, Cd, Pb) and quartz cells (Hg). Results. The concentrations obtained in the food for dogs and cats, adults and puppies, rabbits, hamsters, ornamental fish, and turtles were for As 0.009, 0.013, 0.003, non-detectable (ND), ND, 0.036, and 0.113 ppm, respectively; for Cd ND, 0.021, 0.022, 0.031, 0.010, 0.037, 0.139, and 0.043 ppm, respectively; for Hg 0.101, 0.078, 0.045, 0.040, 0.031, 0.045, 0.032, and 0.032 ppm, respectively, and for Pb of 0.381, 0.885, 0.573, 0.740, 0.446, 0.732, 0.763, and 0.841 ppm, respectively. Conclusions. The contents of heavy metals in pet foods did not exceed the maximum values allowed for their commercialization. This work increases the information available on the safety of food for ornamental fish, hamsters, turtles, and rabbits, also promotes continuous monitoring strategies, and the understanding of the real potential for accumulation in animals, and its effects on their welfare. |
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2022 |
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oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article483992023-06-16T13:42:49Z Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead in imported pet food in Costa Rica Arsénico, cadmio, mercurio y plomo en alimentos importados para mascotas en Costa Rica Naranjo-Jiménez, Carolina WingChing-Jones, Rodolfo heavy metals oets nutrition pets food safety animal food metales pesados nutrición de mascotas animales de compañía inocuidad alimentos para animales Introduction. The intake of heavy metals can cause health problems in animals. Objective. To determine the concentration of cadmium, mercury, lead, and arsenic in 34 imported balanced foods marketed in Costa Rica for dogs, cats, rabbits, hamsters, turtles, and ornamental fish. Materials and methods. The content of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in imported balanced foods for six pets was quantified during the months of May to October 2018. On a random basis, authorized feed stores were visited to purchased ten packages of dog and cat food, five for ornamental fish, four for turtles, three for hamsters, and two for rabbits. The samples were analyzed at the Animal Nutrition Research Center of the Universidad de Costa Rica using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite tube atomizer (As, Cd, Pb) and quartz cells (Hg). Results. The concentrations obtained in the food for dogs and cats, adults and puppies, rabbits, hamsters, ornamental fish, and turtles were for As 0.009, 0.013, 0.003, non-detectable (ND), ND, 0.036, and 0.113 ppm, respectively; for Cd ND, 0.021, 0.022, 0.031, 0.010, 0.037, 0.139, and 0.043 ppm, respectively; for Hg 0.101, 0.078, 0.045, 0.040, 0.031, 0.045, 0.032, and 0.032 ppm, respectively, and for Pb of 0.381, 0.885, 0.573, 0.740, 0.446, 0.732, 0.763, and 0.841 ppm, respectively. Conclusions. The contents of heavy metals in pet foods did not exceed the maximum values allowed for their commercialization. This work increases the information available on the safety of food for ornamental fish, hamsters, turtles, and rabbits, also promotes continuous monitoring strategies, and the understanding of the real potential for accumulation in animals, and its effects on their welfare. Introducción. El consumo de metales pesados puede provocar problemas de salud en los animales. Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de cadmio, mercurio, plomo y arsénico en 34 alimentos balanceados importados y comercializados en Costa Rica para perros, gatos, conejos, hámsteres, tortugas y peces ornamentales. Materiales y métodos. Se cuantificó el contenido de arsénico (As), cadmio (Cd), mercurio (Hg) y plomo (Pb) en alimentos balanceados importados para seis animales de compañía, durante los meses de mayo a octubre del año 2018. De forma aleatoria, se visitaron expendios autorizados de alimentos balanceados y se compraron diez empaques de alimento para perros y gatos, cinco para peces ornamentales, cuatro para tortugas, tres para hámsteres y dos para conejos. Las muestras fueron analizadas en el Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Animal de la Universidad de Costa Rica mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con atomizador de tubo de grafito (As, Cd, Pb) y de celda de cuarzo (Hg). Resultados. Las concentraciones obtenidas en alimentos para perros y gatos, adultos y cachorros, conejos, hámsteres, peces ornamentales y tortugas, fueron para As de 0,009, 0,013, 0,003, no detectable (ND), ND, 0,036 y 0,113 ppm, respectivamente; para Cd de ND, 0,021, 0,022, 0,031, 0,010, 0,037, 0,139 y 0,043 ppm, respectivamente; para Hg de 0,101, 0,078, 0,045, 0,040, 0,031, 0,045, 0,032 y 0,032 ppm, respectivamente, y para Pb de 0,381, 0,885, 0,573, 0,740, 0,446, 0,732, 0,763 y 0,841 ppm, respectivamente. Conclusión. Los contenidos de metales pesados determinados en alimentos para mascotas, no superaron los valores máximos permitidos para su comercialización. Este trabajo incrementa la información disponible en temas de inocuidad de alimentos balanceados en peces ornamentales, hámsteres, tortugas y conejos; promueve estrategias de monitoreo continuo de estos y la comprensión del potencial real de acumulación en los animales y sus efectos en el bienestar de los mismos. Universidad de Costa Rica 2022-10-25 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article text/xml application/pdf application/epub+zip text/html audio/mpeg audio/mpeg https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399 10.15517/am.v34i1.48399 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Issue 1 (January-April) ; 48399 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Nº 1 (enero-abril) ; 48399 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2023: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 34, Issue 1 (January-April) ; 48399 2215-3608 1021-7444 spa eng https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53152 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53153 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53154 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53155 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53156 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/48399/53157 Copyright (c) 2023 Carolina Naranjo-Jiménez, Rodolfo WingChing-Jones |