Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Introduction. In Guanacaste, Costa Rica, corn (Zea mays) has been a cultural crop for consumption since pre-Colombian times. Many farmers have set aside areas for its planting in association with other crops. However, the varieties used require fertilization and plant nutrition studies to improve ear quality and postharvest life. Objective. To evaluate the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium in the J-Saenz maize variety, in combination with three sowing densities. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Santa Cruz Experimental Farm, Universidad de Costa Rica, in 2018. Three doses of N (100, 200, 300 kg ha-1 with a base of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and K2O (100, 160 and 200 kg ha-1 with a base of 300 kg N ha-1) were evaluated with three sowing densities (50 000, 57 143, and 66 667 plants ha-1) with the J-Sáenz variety. The crop yield, the percentage of exposed ear, and the accumulation of nutrients in the phenological R5 stage were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with a factorial structure and generalized linear models with DGS tests of means separation. Results. There was a significant increase in grain production by increasing the sowing density from 50 000 to 66 667 plants ha-1. The highest efficiency in the N and K use was achieved with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of each element at a density of 57 000 plants ha-1. The exposed ear variable was not related to nutrient doses. Corn increased absorption with increasing doses of N but not K. Conclusion. The planting density of 57 143 plants ha-1 showed the best yield at doses of 100 kg of N ha-1 and 100 kg of K2O ha-1.

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Main Authors: Garbanzo-León, Gabriel, Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo, Vargas-Rojas, Jorge Claudio, Cabalceta-Aguilar, Gilberto, Vega-Villalobos, Edgar V.
Format: Digital revista
Language:spa
eng
Published: Universidad de Costa Rica 2021
Online Access:https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822
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institution UCR
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country Costa Rica
countrycode CR
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databasecode rev-agromeso
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region America Central
libraryname Bibioteca de la Facultad de Agronomía
language spa
eng
format Digital
author Garbanzo-León, Gabriel
Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo
Vargas-Rojas, Jorge Claudio
Cabalceta-Aguilar, Gilberto
Vega-Villalobos, Edgar V.
spellingShingle Garbanzo-León, Gabriel
Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo
Vargas-Rojas, Jorge Claudio
Cabalceta-Aguilar, Gilberto
Vega-Villalobos, Edgar V.
Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
author_facet Garbanzo-León, Gabriel
Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo
Vargas-Rojas, Jorge Claudio
Cabalceta-Aguilar, Gilberto
Vega-Villalobos, Edgar V.
author_sort Garbanzo-León, Gabriel
title Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
title_short Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
title_full Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
title_fullStr Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica
title_sort nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an alfisol of guanacaste, costa rica
description Introduction. In Guanacaste, Costa Rica, corn (Zea mays) has been a cultural crop for consumption since pre-Colombian times. Many farmers have set aside areas for its planting in association with other crops. However, the varieties used require fertilization and plant nutrition studies to improve ear quality and postharvest life. Objective. To evaluate the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium in the J-Saenz maize variety, in combination with three sowing densities. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Santa Cruz Experimental Farm, Universidad de Costa Rica, in 2018. Three doses of N (100, 200, 300 kg ha-1 with a base of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and K2O (100, 160 and 200 kg ha-1 with a base of 300 kg N ha-1) were evaluated with three sowing densities (50 000, 57 143, and 66 667 plants ha-1) with the J-Sáenz variety. The crop yield, the percentage of exposed ear, and the accumulation of nutrients in the phenological R5 stage were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with a factorial structure and generalized linear models with DGS tests of means separation. Results. There was a significant increase in grain production by increasing the sowing density from 50 000 to 66 667 plants ha-1. The highest efficiency in the N and K use was achieved with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of each element at a density of 57 000 plants ha-1. The exposed ear variable was not related to nutrient doses. Corn increased absorption with increasing doses of N but not K. Conclusion. The planting density of 57 143 plants ha-1 showed the best yield at doses of 100 kg of N ha-1 and 100 kg of K2O ha-1.
publisher Universidad de Costa Rica
publishDate 2021
url https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822
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spelling oai:portal.ucr.ac.cr:article398222023-06-16T13:45:17Z Nitrogen and potassium fertilization in corn in an Alfisol of Guanacaste, Costa Rica Fertilización con nitrógeno y potasio en maíz en un Alfisol de Guanacaste, Costa Rica Garbanzo-León, Gabriel Alvarado-Hernández, Alfredo Vargas-Rojas, Jorge Claudio Cabalceta-Aguilar, Gilberto Vega-Villalobos, Edgar V. nutrients uptake tropic plant nutrition plant density absorción de nutrimentos trópico nutrición vegetal densidad de planta Introduction. In Guanacaste, Costa Rica, corn (Zea mays) has been a cultural crop for consumption since pre-Colombian times. Many farmers have set aside areas for its planting in association with other crops. However, the varieties used require fertilization and plant nutrition studies to improve ear quality and postharvest life. Objective. To evaluate the effect of increasing doses of nitrogen and potassium in the J-Saenz maize variety, in combination with three sowing densities. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Santa Cruz Experimental Farm, Universidad de Costa Rica, in 2018. Three doses of N (100, 200, 300 kg ha-1 with a base of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and K2O (100, 160 and 200 kg ha-1 with a base of 300 kg N ha-1) were evaluated with three sowing densities (50 000, 57 143, and 66 667 plants ha-1) with the J-Sáenz variety. The crop yield, the percentage of exposed ear, and the accumulation of nutrients in the phenological R5 stage were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance with a factorial structure and generalized linear models with DGS tests of means separation. Results. There was a significant increase in grain production by increasing the sowing density from 50 000 to 66 667 plants ha-1. The highest efficiency in the N and K use was achieved with the application of 100 kg ha-1 of each element at a density of 57 000 plants ha-1. The exposed ear variable was not related to nutrient doses. Corn increased absorption with increasing doses of N but not K. Conclusion. The planting density of 57 143 plants ha-1 showed the best yield at doses of 100 kg of N ha-1 and 100 kg of K2O ha-1. Introducción. En Guanacaste, Costa Rica, el maíz (Zea mays) es un cultivo de consumo cultural desde épocas precolombinas, muchos agricultores destinan zonas para su siembra en asocio con otros cultivos. Sin embargo, las variedades utilizadas requieren estudios de fertilización y nutrición para mejorar la calidad de las mazorcas y vida postcosecha. Objetivo. Evaluar en la variedad de maíz J-Sáenz, el efecto de dosis crecientes de nitrógeno y potasio, en combinación con tres densidades de siembra. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en la Finca Experimental de Santa Cruz, Universidad de Costa Rica, en 2018. Se evaluaron tres dosis de N (100, 200, 300 kg ha-1 con una base de 160 kg ha-1 de K2O) y K2O (100, 160 y 200 kg ha-1 con una base de 300 kg N ha-1) con tres densidades de siembra (50 000, 57 143 y 66 667 plantas ha-1) con la variedad J-Sáenz. Se evaluó el rendimiento del cultivo, el porcentaje de mazorca expuesta y la acumulación de nutrimentos en estado fenológico R5. Los datos se sometieron a análisis de varianza con estructura factorial y modelos lineales generalizados con pruebas de separación de medias DGC. Resultados. Hubo incremento significativo en la producción de grano al aumentar la densidad de siembra de 50 000 a 66 667 plantas ha-1. La mayor eficiencia en el uso de N y K se logró con la aplicación de 100 kg de cada elemento a la densidad de 57 000 plantas ha-1. La variable mazorca expuesta no se relacionó con las dosis de nutrimentos. El maíz aumentó la absorción con el incremento de las dosis de N pero no de K. Conclusión. La densidad de siembra de 57 143 plantas ha-1 mostró el mejor rendimiento a dosis de 100 kg de N ha-1 y 100 kg de K2O ha-1. Universidad de Costa Rica 2021-01-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Article text/html application/pdf application/epub+zip text/xml audio/mpeg audio/mpeg https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822 10.15517/am.v32i1.39822 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2021: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 32, Issue 1 (January-April); 137-148 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2021: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 32, Nº 1 (enero-abril); 137-148 Agronomía Mesoamericana; 2021: Agronomía Mesoamericana: Vol. 32, Issue 1 (January-April); 137-148 2215-3608 1021-7444 spa eng https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45242 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45244 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45245 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45603 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45246 https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/agromeso/article/view/39822/45247