Overview of a biorefinery and opportunities in the Palm oil Sector
The integrated biorefinery is a conceptual framework borrowed from the highly evolved petroleum oil refinery. Petroleum refineries presently use fossil crude to produce multiple energy (e.g. gasoline and diesel), chemical (e.g. ammonia and sulfur), and material products (e.g. plastics and lubricants) forming today's petrochemical industrial complex. In a biorefinery, different biomass conversion processes are coupled with each other such that the output (byproduct) from one process becomes the input (feedstock) for another. In its ideal form, this system will take different types of biomass as inputs and produce multiple products as outputs, where all products have value and there are no valueless wastes produced. Some of the processing steps include acid hydrolysis, fermentation, gasification, pyrolysis, combustion, separation, etc. and products from a biorefinery can include heat and power, liquid fuels, plastics, solvents, adhesives, lubricants, paints, dyes, detergents, paper and board, solvents etc. Biomass has relatively low energy density (MJ/kg) and low bulk density (kg/m3) therefore material transport to a centralized biorefinery may not be economical if distances are large. Establishing biorefineries at locations where biomass conversion already exists for producing other products (e.g. at a palm oil mill) therefore is more attractive.
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Digital revista |
| Language: | spa |
| Published: |
Fedepalma
2007
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| Online Access: | https://publicaciones.fedepalma.org/index.php/palmas/article/view/1244 |
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