Teenage Pregnancy and Opportunities in Latin America and the Caribbean : On Teenage Fertility Decisions, Poverty and Economic Achievement

The pregnancy project sought to expose the existence, and challenge the validity, of stereotypes about Hispanic women. The charade explored the underlying motivations of the many who responded with a wide range of reactions. The specific objectives of this regional study are: to establish a thorough description of the magnitude of the issue and its potential implications for social advancement; to advance the understanding of the risk factors, motivations and impacts at the household level-as a determinant of poverty and a cause of intra-and intergenerational poverty traps; to illuminate the coping mechanisms and their individual and social implications; to highlight the gender-related issues that have historically provoked asymmetric costs to boys and girls; and to provide elements that support specific policies on this matter. In the last decade, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have been moving in the right direction and the region has experienced important gains in gender equality of endowments (assets) and economic opportunities. In most LAC countries, girls have been achieving gender parity in primary school enrollment and even outperforming boys at the secondary and tertiary level. The present report reviews the factors associated with teenage pregnancy and early childbearing and builds a framework to explore these issues systematically, towards the design of effective policy interventions in LAC. Teen pregnancy and early childbearing remain a challenge in the region, particularly given the association of these phenomena with poverty and lack of opportunities, and the concern that it may prevent women from taking full advantage of their human development assets and opportunities. The main message of the report is that poverty and lack of opportunities are key factors associated to early childbearing.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Azevedo, Joao Pedro, Favara, Marta, Haddock, Sarah E., Lopez-Calva, Luis F., Muller, Miriam, Perova, Elizaveta
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2012
Subjects:	ABORTION, ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVES, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT, ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ADOLESCENCE, ADOLESCENT, ADOLESCENT BIRTH, ADOLESCENT BIRTH RATE, ADOLESCENT CHILDBEARING, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATE, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY RATES, ADOLESCENT MOTHER, ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD, ADOLESCENT MOTHERS, ADOLESCENT POPULATION, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCIES, ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY, ADOLESCENTS, ADULTHOOD, AGE OF MARRIAGE, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, AUTONOMY OF WOMEN, AVERAGE AGE, BABY, BASIC EDUCATION, CARE PROVISION, CHILD BEARING, CHILD CARE, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD SURVIVAL, CHILDBEARING, CHILDBIRTH, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, COMPLICATIONS, CONSEQUENCES OF FERTILITY, CONTRACEPTIVE, CONTRACEPTIVE KNOWLEDGE, CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, CONTRACEPTIVE TECHNOLOGY, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, CONTROL OVER RESOURCES, DECLINE OF FERTILITY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISSEMINATION, DIVORCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DROPOUT, DRUG USE, DRUGS, EARLY CHILDBEARING, EARLY MOTHERHOOD, EARLY PREGNANCIES, EARLY PREGNANCY, EARLY SEXUAL INITIATION, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATED WOMEN, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, FAMILIES, FAMILY BACKGROUND, FAMILY PLANNING, FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY RESOURCES, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FERTILITY RATE, FERTILITY RATES, FIRST CHILD, FIRST MARRIAGE, FIRST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, FRIENDLY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER PARITY, GENDER ROLES, GIRLS AT RISK, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMMIGRATION, IMPACT ON FERTILITY, INCOME INEQUALITY, INEQUITIES, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION, INTRAUTERINE CONTRACEPTIVES, LABOR MARKET, LACK OF INFORMATION, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LOWER ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, MALE STERILIZATION, MARITAL STATUS, MATERNAL AGE, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MISCARRIAGE, MISCARRIAGES, MISUNDERSTANDING, MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, MOTHER, NUMBER OF BIRTHS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLDER MOTHERS, OLDER WOMEN, OPINION LEADERS, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, PACE OF DECLINE, PARENTAL SUPPORT, PEER EDUCATION, PEER PRESSURE, POLICY CONCERN, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, PREGNANCY RATE, PREGNANCY RATES, PREGNANT TEENAGER, PREGNANT TEENAGERS, PREGNANT WOMAN, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREGNANT YOUTH, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RESPECT, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF VIOLENCE, RISKY BEHAVIOR, RISKY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL HOURS, SCHOOL QUALITY, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELF-CONFIDENCE, SEXUAL ACTIVITY, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUAL EDUCATION, SEXUAL INITIATION, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUAL RELATIONS, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SEXUALLY ACTIVE ADOLESCENTS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL MOBILITY, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL RETURNS, SOCIAL SECTOR, SOCIAL SERVICES, STERILIZATION, STILLBIRTH, SUICIDE, TEEN, TEEN GIRLS, TEEN PREGNANCY, TEENAGE CHILDBEARING, TEENAGE FERTILITY, TEENAGE GIRLS, TEENAGE MOTHER, TEENAGE MOTHERHOOD, TEENAGE MOTHERS, TEENAGE PREGNANCIES, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, TEENAGE WOMEN, TEENAGE YEARS, TEENAGER, TEENAGERS, TEENS, TERTIARY LEVEL, TOTAL FERTILITY RATE, TOTAL FERTILITY RATES, TRADITIONAL CONTRACEPTIVE, TV, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNINTENDED PREGNANCIES, UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION, UNPROTECTED SEX, UNSAFE ABORTION, UNSAFE ABORTIONS, URBAN AREAS, USE OF CONDOMS, USE OF CONTRACEPTIVES, VITAL STATISTICS, WDR, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG MOTHERS, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUNGER MOTHERS, YOUNGER WOMEN, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18612518/teenage-pregnancy-opportunities-latin-america-caribbean-early-child-bearing-poverty-economic-achievement-vol-2-2-teenage-pregnancy-book-2013 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16978
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