Arab Republic of Egypt : Cost Assessment of Environmental Degradation
The report is a first step in a process
towards the use of environmental damage cost assessments,
for priority setting, and as an instrument for integrating
environment, into economic, and social development. The
report provides estimates of damage, and remediation cost
for several areas of the environment, and, as areas of
priority are identified, further analysis would be required
for more accurate estimates. The damage cost of
environmental degradation in Egypt in 1999, is estimated at
3.2-6.4 percent of GDP, with a mean estimate of 4.8 of GDP.
In addition, the damage cost to the global environment is
estimated at 0.6 percent of GDP. The cost of air pollution
is assessed at 1.1-3.2 percent of GDP (urban outdoor and
rural indoor), followed by soil degradation at 1.0-1.4
percent (erosion and salinity). In the area of water, the
damage cost is estimated at 0.7-1.2 percent of GDP (mostly
from the lack of safe water, sanitation and hygiene). Cost
of coastal zone degradation is estimated at 0.2.-0.4 percent
of GDP, and, inadequate waste management at around 0.2
percent of GDP. Of the total damage cost, about two thirds
comes from damages to health, and a third from natural
resource degradation. It should be noted that no cost
estimate is provided for degradation associated with
industrial, hazardous, and hospital waste, as sufficient
data were unavailable. Similarly, cost assessment of
degradation associated with inadequately treated wastewater
is limited, due to data constraints. Cost is also presented
for a limited number of remedial actions, in each of the
environmental areas for which damage cost is estimated. More
detailed analysis is required in future work, in order to
compare benefits of remediation, to reduction in damage
marginal cost.
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Bibliographic Details
| Main Author: |
World Bank |
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| Language: | English
en_US |
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| Published: |
Washington, DC
2002-06-29
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| Subjects: | AGRICULTURE,
AIR,
AIR POLLUTION,
AIR QUALITY,
BENCHMARK,
CANCER,
COASTAL AREAS,
COST ANALYSIS,
DRINKING WATER,
DRINKING WATER QUALITY,
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY,
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,
ECONOMIC VALUE,
ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS,
ENVIRONMENTAL AREAS,
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS,
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE,
ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES,
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS,
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES,
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW,
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION,
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY,
ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT,
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE,
EPIDEMIOLOGY,
EXCHANGE RATE,
FUELS,
FUTURE GENERATIONS,
GDP,
GDP PER CAPITA,
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT,
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT,
HOSPITAL WASTE,
HYGIENE,
INCOME,
INDUSTRIAL WASTE,
IRREVERSIBILITY,
LEGISLATION,
MARGINAL ANALYSIS,
MONITORING DATA,
MORBIDITY,
MORTALITY,
NATURAL RESOURCE,
NATURAL RESOURCE ECONOMICS,
NATURAL RESOURCES,
POVERTY ALLEVIATION,
PRIVATE SECTOR,
PRODUCTIVITY,
PUBLIC HEALTH,
PUBLIC SECTOR,
QUALITY OF LIFE,
QUALITY OF WATER,
RECREATIONAL AREAS,
REMEDIAL ACTION,
REMEDIAL ACTIONS,
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,
RIVERS,
SAFE WATER,
SOIL DEGRADATION,
SOIL EROSION,
SOIL POLLUTION,
SOIL PRODUCTIVITY,
SOLID WASTE,
STATISTICAL DATA,
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE,
URBAN AIR POLLUTION,
VALUATION,
WASTE,
WASTE MANAGEMENT,
WASTEWATER,
WATER POLLUTION,
WATER RESOURCES,
WTP ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION,
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS,
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT,
SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,
DAMAGE FIGURES,
SALINITY,
SAFE WATER SUPPLY,
SANITATION,
COASTAL EROSION,
NATURAL RESOURCE DEPLETION,
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION,
HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS,
MEDICAL WASTES,
WASTEWATER TREATMENT,
ANALYTICAL METHODS, |
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/06/2081044/egypt-cost-assessment-environmental-degradation-sector-note
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15323
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