Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain)
Signature pigments of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) were found in ancient sediments collected from an abandoned clay quarry located in the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain). The sediments belong to the Interglacial Waalian of the lower Pleistocene (0.7–1.5 millions years old) and were deposited after a marshy event occurring during that geologic period. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses of acetone:methanol sediment extracts revealed that the main pigments found were carotenoids of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms. In particular, isorenieratene (Isr) and β-isorenieratene (β-Isr) constituted the larger bacterial fraction (35–40% of the total carotenoid content), whereas okenone, a signature pigment of purple sulfur bacteria, accounted for less than 2%. Xanthophylls from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms accounted for the remaining carotenoids. Likewise, traces of degradation products of both bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and chlorophyll (Chl) were also detected. The low concentration of Chl degradation products made proper identification of these compounds impossible. In contrast, degradation products of BChl-e such as bacteriochlorophyllide-e and bacteriopheophorbide-e were identified in the HPLC analyses, suggesting that chemical degradation of naturally occurring BChl aggregates of GSB was slower in the clay quarry sediments. The presence of signature pigments of brown-colored species of GSB (Isr, β-Isr and degradation products of BChl-e) in the sediments suggests an ancient aquatic environment where GSB were present and where episodes of sulfide-rich anoxia reaching the photic zone could be envisaged. Similarly, the large percentage of algal xanthophylls supports that algae could be an important part of the microbial photosynthetic community in this ancient ecosystem.
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Language: | English |
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Springer
2005-08
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Subjects: | Bacteriochlorophyll e, Biomarkers, Green sulfur bacteria, Isorenieratene, Paleolimnology, Sediments, Xanthophylls, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/3604 |
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dig-irnasa-es-10261-36042016-05-24T10:05:53Z Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) Mallorquí, Noemí Arellano, Juan B. Borrego, Carles M. García-Gil, L. Jesús Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls Signature pigments of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) were found in ancient sediments collected from an abandoned clay quarry located in the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain). The sediments belong to the Interglacial Waalian of the lower Pleistocene (0.7–1.5 millions years old) and were deposited after a marshy event occurring during that geologic period. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses of acetone:methanol sediment extracts revealed that the main pigments found were carotenoids of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms. In particular, isorenieratene (Isr) and β-isorenieratene (β-Isr) constituted the larger bacterial fraction (35–40% of the total carotenoid content), whereas okenone, a signature pigment of purple sulfur bacteria, accounted for less than 2%. Xanthophylls from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms accounted for the remaining carotenoids. Likewise, traces of degradation products of both bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and chlorophyll (Chl) were also detected. The low concentration of Chl degradation products made proper identification of these compounds impossible. In contrast, degradation products of BChl-e such as bacteriochlorophyllide-e and bacteriopheophorbide-e were identified in the HPLC analyses, suggesting that chemical degradation of naturally occurring BChl aggregates of GSB was slower in the clay quarry sediments. The presence of signature pigments of brown-colored species of GSB (Isr, β-Isr and degradation products of BChl-e) in the sediments suggests an ancient aquatic environment where GSB were present and where episodes of sulfide-rich anoxia reaching the photic zone could be envisaged. Similarly, the large percentage of algal xanthophylls supports that algae could be an important part of the microbial photosynthetic community in this ancient ecosystem. EU. TMR Program, Contract No. FMRXCT96-0081. Peer reviewed 2008-04-16T08:25:42Z 2008-04-16T08:25:42Z 2005-08 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Journal of Paleolimnology (2005) 34:271-280 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/3604 10.1007/s10933-005-3731-3 en http://www.springerlink.com/content/r840q3343q64q80w/?p=89792b62b0cf4c8fad2087536c584dcf&pi=9 open 345448 bytes application/pdf Springer |
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Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls |
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Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls Mallorquí, Noemí Arellano, Juan B. Borrego, Carles M. García-Gil, L. Jesús Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
description |
Signature pigments of photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria (GSB) were found in ancient sediments collected from an abandoned clay quarry located in the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain). The sediments belong to the Interglacial Waalian of the lower Pleistocene (0.7–1.5 millions years old) and were deposited after a marshy event occurring during that geologic period. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analyses of acetone:methanol sediment extracts revealed that the main pigments found were carotenoids of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms. In particular, isorenieratene (Isr) and β-isorenieratene (β-Isr) constituted the larger bacterial fraction (35–40% of the total carotenoid content), whereas okenone, a signature pigment of purple sulfur bacteria, accounted for less than 2%. Xanthophylls from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms accounted for the remaining carotenoids. Likewise, traces of degradation products of both bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) and chlorophyll (Chl) were also detected. The low concentration of Chl degradation products made proper identification of these compounds impossible. In contrast, degradation products of BChl-e such as bacteriochlorophyllide-e and bacteriopheophorbide-e were identified in the HPLC analyses, suggesting that chemical degradation of naturally occurring BChl aggregates of GSB was slower in the clay quarry sediments. The presence of signature pigments of brown-colored species of GSB (Isr, β-Isr and degradation products of BChl-e) in the sediments suggests an ancient aquatic environment where GSB were present and where episodes of sulfide-rich anoxia reaching the photic zone could be envisaged. Similarly, the large percentage of algal xanthophylls supports that algae could be an important part of the microbial photosynthetic community in this ancient ecosystem. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Bacteriochlorophyll e Biomarkers Green sulfur bacteria Isorenieratene Paleolimnology Sediments Xanthophylls |
author |
Mallorquí, Noemí Arellano, Juan B. Borrego, Carles M. García-Gil, L. Jesús |
author_facet |
Mallorquí, Noemí Arellano, Juan B. Borrego, Carles M. García-Gil, L. Jesús |
author_sort |
Mallorquí, Noemí |
title |
Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
title_short |
Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
title_full |
Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
title_fullStr |
Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower Pleistocene deposits from the Banyoles lacustrine area (Spain) |
title_sort |
signature pigments of green sulfur bacteria in lower pleistocene deposits from the banyoles lacustrine area (spain) |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2005-08 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/3604 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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1777665189431214080 |