Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities
Ultrafine particles (UFP) are suspected of having significant impacts on health. However, there have only been a limited number of studies on sources of UFP compared to larger particles. In this work, we identified and quantified the sources and processes contributing to particle number size distributions (PNSD) using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) at six monitoring stations (four urban background and two street canyon) from four European cities: Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. These cities are characterised by different meteorological conditions and emissions. The common sources across all stations were Photonucleation, traffic emissions (3 sources, from fresh to aged emissions: Traffic nucleation, Fresh traffic - mode diameter between 13 and 37 nm, and Urban - mode diameter between 44 and 81 nm, mainly traffic but influenced by other sources in some cities), and Secondary particles. The Photonucleation factor was only directly identified by PMF for Barcelona, while an additional split of the Nucleation factor (into Photonucleation and Traffic nucleation) by using NOx concentrations as a proxy for traffic emissions was performed for all other stations. The sum of all traffic sources resulted in a maximum relative contributions ranging from 71 to 94% (annual average) thereby being the main contributor at all stations. In London and Zurich, the relative contribution of the sources did not vary significantly between seasons. In contrast, the high levels of solar radiation in Barcelona led to an important contribution of Photonucleation particles (ranging from 14% during the winter period to 35% during summer). Biogenic emissions were a source identified only in Helsinki (both in the urban background and street canyon stations), that contributed importantly during summer (23% in urban background). Airport emissions contributed to Nucleation particles at urban background sites, as the highest concentrations of this source took place when the wind was blowing from the airport direction in all cities. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Other Authors: | |
Format: | artículo biblioteca |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2020-02-01
|
Subjects: | Airport emissions, Particle number size distributions, Photonucleation, Ultrafine particles, Positive Matrix Factorization, Traffic emissions, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198710 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
dig-idaea-es-10261-198710 |
---|---|
record_format |
koha |
institution |
IDAEA ES |
collection |
DSpace |
country |
España |
countrycode |
ES |
component |
Bibliográfico |
access |
En linea |
databasecode |
dig-idaea-es |
tag |
biblioteca |
region |
Europa del Sur |
libraryname |
Biblioteca del IDAEA España |
language |
English |
topic |
Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions |
spellingShingle |
Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions Rivas, Ioar Beddows, D.C.S. Amato, Fulvio Green, David C. Järvi, Leena Hueglin, Christoph Reche, Cristina Timonen, Hilkka J. Fuller, Gary W. Niemi, Jarkko V. Perez, Noemi Aurela, Mika Hopke, Philip K. Alastuey, Andrés Kulmala, Markku Harrison, Roy M. Querol, Xavier Kelly, Frank J. Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
description |
Ultrafine particles (UFP) are suspected of having significant impacts on health. However, there have only been a limited number of studies on sources of UFP compared to larger particles. In this work, we identified and quantified the sources and processes contributing to particle number size distributions (PNSD) using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) at six monitoring stations (four urban background and two street canyon) from four European cities: Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. These cities are characterised by different meteorological conditions and emissions. The common sources across all stations were Photonucleation, traffic emissions (3 sources, from fresh to aged emissions: Traffic nucleation, Fresh traffic - mode diameter between 13 and 37 nm, and Urban - mode diameter between 44 and 81 nm, mainly traffic but influenced by other sources in some cities), and Secondary particles. The Photonucleation factor was only directly identified by PMF for Barcelona, while an additional split of the Nucleation factor (into Photonucleation and Traffic nucleation) by using NOx concentrations as a proxy for traffic emissions was performed for all other stations. The sum of all traffic sources resulted in a maximum relative contributions ranging from 71 to 94% (annual average) thereby being the main contributor at all stations. In London and Zurich, the relative contribution of the sources did not vary significantly between seasons. In contrast, the high levels of solar radiation in Barcelona led to an important contribution of Photonucleation particles (ranging from 14% during the winter period to 35% during summer). Biogenic emissions were a source identified only in Helsinki (both in the urban background and street canyon stations), that contributed importantly during summer (23% in urban background). Airport emissions contributed to Nucleation particles at urban background sites, as the highest concentrations of this source took place when the wind was blowing from the airport direction in all cities. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. |
author2 |
European Commission |
author_facet |
European Commission Rivas, Ioar Beddows, D.C.S. Amato, Fulvio Green, David C. Järvi, Leena Hueglin, Christoph Reche, Cristina Timonen, Hilkka J. Fuller, Gary W. Niemi, Jarkko V. Perez, Noemi Aurela, Mika Hopke, Philip K. Alastuey, Andrés Kulmala, Markku Harrison, Roy M. Querol, Xavier Kelly, Frank J. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions |
author |
Rivas, Ioar Beddows, D.C.S. Amato, Fulvio Green, David C. Järvi, Leena Hueglin, Christoph Reche, Cristina Timonen, Hilkka J. Fuller, Gary W. Niemi, Jarkko V. Perez, Noemi Aurela, Mika Hopke, Philip K. Alastuey, Andrés Kulmala, Markku Harrison, Roy M. Querol, Xavier Kelly, Frank J. |
author_sort |
Rivas, Ioar |
title |
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
title_short |
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
title_full |
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
title_fullStr |
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
title_full_unstemmed |
Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities |
title_sort |
source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four european cities |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2020-02-01 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198710 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT rivasioar sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT beddowsdcs sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT amatofulvio sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT greendavidc sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT jarvileena sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT hueglinchristoph sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT rechecristina sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT timonenhilkkaj sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT fullergaryw sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT niemijarkkov sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT pereznoemi sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT aurelamika sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT hopkephilipk sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT alastueyandres sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT kulmalamarkku sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT harrisonroym sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT querolxavier sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities AT kellyfrankj sourceapportionmentofparticlenumbersizedistributioninurbanbackgroundandtrafficstationsinfoureuropeancities |
_version_ |
1777669346487697408 |
spelling |
dig-idaea-es-10261-1987102020-07-03T10:32:06Z Source apportionment of particle number size distribution in urban background and traffic stations in four European cities Rivas, Ioar Beddows, D.C.S. Amato, Fulvio Green, David C. Järvi, Leena Hueglin, Christoph Reche, Cristina Timonen, Hilkka J. Fuller, Gary W. Niemi, Jarkko V. Perez, Noemi Aurela, Mika Hopke, Philip K. Alastuey, Andrés Kulmala, Markku Harrison, Roy M. Querol, Xavier Kelly, Frank J. European Commission Amato, Fulvio [0000-0003-1546-9154] Reche, Cristina [0000-0002-3387-3989] Perez, Noemi [0000-0003-2420-6727] Alastuey, Andrés [0000-0002-5453-5495] Querol, Xavier [0000-0002-6549-9899] Airport emissions Particle number size distributions Photonucleation Ultrafine particles Positive Matrix Factorization Traffic emissions Ultrafine particles (UFP) are suspected of having significant impacts on health. However, there have only been a limited number of studies on sources of UFP compared to larger particles. In this work, we identified and quantified the sources and processes contributing to particle number size distributions (PNSD) using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) at six monitoring stations (four urban background and two street canyon) from four European cities: Barcelona, Helsinki, London, and Zurich. These cities are characterised by different meteorological conditions and emissions. The common sources across all stations were Photonucleation, traffic emissions (3 sources, from fresh to aged emissions: Traffic nucleation, Fresh traffic - mode diameter between 13 and 37 nm, and Urban - mode diameter between 44 and 81 nm, mainly traffic but influenced by other sources in some cities), and Secondary particles. The Photonucleation factor was only directly identified by PMF for Barcelona, while an additional split of the Nucleation factor (into Photonucleation and Traffic nucleation) by using NOx concentrations as a proxy for traffic emissions was performed for all other stations. The sum of all traffic sources resulted in a maximum relative contributions ranging from 71 to 94% (annual average) thereby being the main contributor at all stations. In London and Zurich, the relative contribution of the sources did not vary significantly between seasons. In contrast, the high levels of solar radiation in Barcelona led to an important contribution of Photonucleation particles (ranging from 14% during the winter period to 35% during summer). Biogenic emissions were a source identified only in Helsinki (both in the urban background and street canyon stations), that contributed importantly during summer (23% in urban background). Airport emissions contributed to Nucleation particles at urban background sites, as the highest concentrations of this source took place when the wind was blowing from the airport direction in all cities. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 747882. We also thank Academy of Finland Center of Excellence programme (grant no. 307331) and ACTRIS-2 project that receives funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109, the “Agencia Estatal de Investigación” from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and FEDER funds under the project HOUSE (CGL2016-78594-R). The authors acknowledge the Departament de Territori i Sostenibilitat and AGAUR (2017 SGR41) from Generalitat de Catalunya, the Faculty of Physics of Barcelona University (Prof. J. Lorente), the Met Office (UK), the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA, UK), and the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) for providing the air pollution and meteorological data. Peer reviewed 2020-01-23T08:40:10Z 2020-01-23T08:40:10Z 2020-02-01 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Environment International 135: 105345 (2020) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/198710 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105345 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 en #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/747882 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/654109 Publisher's version https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.105345 Sí open Elsevier |