Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids
Homeobox genes are key toolkit genes that regulate the development of metazoans and changes in their regulation and copy number have contributed to the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We recently identified a whole genome duplication (WGD) event that occurred in an ancestor of spiders and scorpions (Arachnopulmonata), and that many homeobox genes, including two Hox clusters, appear to have been retained in arachnopulmonates. To better understand the consequences of this ancient WGD and the evolution of arachnid homeobox genes, we have characterized and compared the homeobox repertoires in a range of arachnids. We found that many families and clusters of these genes are duplicated in all studied arachnopulmonates (Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Pholcus phalangioides, Centruroides sculpturatus, and Mesobuthus martensii) compared with nonarachnopulmonate arachnids (Phalangium opilio, Neobisium carcinoides, Hesperochernes sp., and Ixodes scapularis). To assess divergence in the roles of homeobox ohnologs, we analyzed the expression of P. tepidariorum homeobox genes during embryogenesis and found pervasive changes in the level and timing of their expression. Furthermore, we compared the spatial expression of a subset of P. tepidariorum ohnologs with their single copy orthologs in P. opilio embryos. We found evidence for likely subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization of these genes in the spider. Overall our results show a high level of retention of homeobox genes in spiders and scorpions post-WGD, which is likely to have made a major contribution to their developmental evolution and diversification through pervasive subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization, and paralleling the outcomes of WGD in vertebrates.
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Oxford University Press
2018-09
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Subjects: | Homeobox genes, Development, Gene duplication, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/217095 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275 |
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dig-ibe-es-10261-2170952021-12-27T16:18:38Z Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids Leite, Daniel J. Baudouin-Gonzalez, Luís Iwasaki-Yokozawa, Sawa Lozano Fernández, Jesús Turetzek, Natascha Akiyama-Oda, Yasuko Prpic, Nikola-Michael Pisani, Davide Oda, Hiroki Sharma, Prashant P. McGregor, Alistair P. Leverhulme Trust Japan Society for the Promotion of Science National Science Foundation (US) German Research Foundation Homeobox genes Development Gene duplication Homeobox genes are key toolkit genes that regulate the development of metazoans and changes in their regulation and copy number have contributed to the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We recently identified a whole genome duplication (WGD) event that occurred in an ancestor of spiders and scorpions (Arachnopulmonata), and that many homeobox genes, including two Hox clusters, appear to have been retained in arachnopulmonates. To better understand the consequences of this ancient WGD and the evolution of arachnid homeobox genes, we have characterized and compared the homeobox repertoires in a range of arachnids. We found that many families and clusters of these genes are duplicated in all studied arachnopulmonates (Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Pholcus phalangioides, Centruroides sculpturatus, and Mesobuthus martensii) compared with nonarachnopulmonate arachnids (Phalangium opilio, Neobisium carcinoides, Hesperochernes sp., and Ixodes scapularis). To assess divergence in the roles of homeobox ohnologs, we analyzed the expression of P. tepidariorum homeobox genes during embryogenesis and found pervasive changes in the level and timing of their expression. Furthermore, we compared the spatial expression of a subset of P. tepidariorum ohnologs with their single copy orthologs in P. opilio embryos. We found evidence for likely subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization of these genes in the spider. Overall our results show a high level of retention of homeobox genes in spiders and scorpions post-WGD, which is likely to have made a major contribution to their developmental evolution and diversification through pervasive subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization, and paralleling the outcomes of WGD in vertebrates. This work was supported by a Leverhulme Trust grant (RPG2016-234) to A.P.M., Nigel Groome studentships to D.J.L. and L.B.G., a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Fellowship for J.L.-F. (655814), and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) awards to H.O. (15K07139) and Y.A.-O. (26440130). P.P.S. was supported by National Science Foundation grant IOS-1552610. N.T. and N.M.P. were supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant numbers PR 1109/4-1 and PR 1109/6-1. No 2020-07-27T12:33:19Z 2020-07-27T12:33:19Z 2018-09 artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 Mol. Biol. Evol. 35(9): 2240–2253 (2018) 0737-4038 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/217095 10.1093/molbev/msy125 1537-1719 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275 29924328 en Preprint http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy125 No open Oxford University Press |
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Homeobox genes Development Gene duplication Homeobox genes Development Gene duplication Leite, Daniel J. Baudouin-Gonzalez, Luís Iwasaki-Yokozawa, Sawa Lozano Fernández, Jesús Turetzek, Natascha Akiyama-Oda, Yasuko Prpic, Nikola-Michael Pisani, Davide Oda, Hiroki Sharma, Prashant P. McGregor, Alistair P. Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
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Homeobox genes are key toolkit genes that regulate the development of metazoans and changes in their regulation and copy number have contributed to the evolution of phenotypic diversity. We recently identified a whole genome duplication (WGD) event that occurred in an ancestor of spiders and scorpions (Arachnopulmonata), and that many homeobox genes, including two Hox clusters, appear to have been retained in arachnopulmonates. To better understand the consequences of this ancient WGD and the evolution of arachnid homeobox genes, we have characterized and compared the homeobox repertoires in a range of arachnids. We found that many families and clusters of these genes are duplicated in all studied arachnopulmonates (Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Pholcus phalangioides, Centruroides sculpturatus, and Mesobuthus martensii) compared with nonarachnopulmonate arachnids (Phalangium opilio, Neobisium carcinoides, Hesperochernes sp., and Ixodes scapularis). To assess divergence in the roles of homeobox ohnologs, we analyzed the expression of P. tepidariorum homeobox genes during embryogenesis and found pervasive changes in the level and timing of their expression. Furthermore, we compared the spatial expression of a subset of P. tepidariorum ohnologs with
their single copy orthologs in P. opilio embryos. We found evidence for likely subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization of these genes in the spider. Overall our results show a high level of retention of homeobox genes in spiders and scorpions post-WGD, which is likely to have made a major contribution to their developmental evolution and diversification through pervasive subfunctionlization and neofunctionalization, and paralleling the outcomes of WGD in vertebrates. |
author2 |
Leverhulme Trust |
author_facet |
Leverhulme Trust Leite, Daniel J. Baudouin-Gonzalez, Luís Iwasaki-Yokozawa, Sawa Lozano Fernández, Jesús Turetzek, Natascha Akiyama-Oda, Yasuko Prpic, Nikola-Michael Pisani, Davide Oda, Hiroki Sharma, Prashant P. McGregor, Alistair P. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Homeobox genes Development Gene duplication |
author |
Leite, Daniel J. Baudouin-Gonzalez, Luís Iwasaki-Yokozawa, Sawa Lozano Fernández, Jesús Turetzek, Natascha Akiyama-Oda, Yasuko Prpic, Nikola-Michael Pisani, Davide Oda, Hiroki Sharma, Prashant P. McGregor, Alistair P. |
author_sort |
Leite, Daniel J. |
title |
Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
title_short |
Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
title_full |
Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
title_fullStr |
Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Homeobox Gene Duplication and Divergence in Arachnids |
title_sort |
homeobox gene duplication and divergence in arachnids |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2018-09 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/217095 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000275 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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