Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa.
The geostrategic location of North Africa as a crossroad between three continents and as a stepping-stone outside Africa has evoked anthropological and genetic interest in this region. Numerous studies have described the genetic landscape of the human population in North Africa employing paternal, maternal, and biparental molecular markers. However, information from these markers which have different inheritance patterns has been mostly assessed independently, resulting in an incomplete description of the region. In this study, we analyze uniparental and genome-wide markers examining similarities or contrasts in the results and consequently provide a comprehensive description of the evolutionary history of North Africa populations. Our results show that both males and females in North Africa underwent a similar admixture history with slight differences in the proportions of admixture components. Consequently, genome-wide diversity show similar patterns with admixture tests suggesting North Africans are a mixture of ancestral populations related to current Africans and Eurasians with more affinity towards the out-of-Africa populations than to sub-Saharan Africans. We estimate from the paternal lineages that most North Africans emerged ~15,000 years ago during the last glacial warming and that population splits started after the desiccation of the Sahara. Although most North Africans share a common admixture history, the Tunisian Berbers show long periods of genetic isolation and appear to have diverged from surrounding populations without subsequent mixture. On the other hand, continuous gene flow from the Middle East made Egyptians genetically closer to Eurasians than to other North Africans. We show that genetic diversity of today's North Africans mostly captures patterns from migrations post Last Glacial Maximum and therefore may be insufficient to inform on the initial population of the region during the Middle Paleolithic period.
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2013-11-27
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dig-ibe-es-10261-1127112021-12-28T16:51:10Z Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima Haber, Marc Martínez-Cruz, Begoña Zalloua, Pierre Benammar-Elgaaied, Amel Comas, David Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y Cooperación (España) The geostrategic location of North Africa as a crossroad between three continents and as a stepping-stone outside Africa has evoked anthropological and genetic interest in this region. Numerous studies have described the genetic landscape of the human population in North Africa employing paternal, maternal, and biparental molecular markers. However, information from these markers which have different inheritance patterns has been mostly assessed independently, resulting in an incomplete description of the region. In this study, we analyze uniparental and genome-wide markers examining similarities or contrasts in the results and consequently provide a comprehensive description of the evolutionary history of North Africa populations. Our results show that both males and females in North Africa underwent a similar admixture history with slight differences in the proportions of admixture components. Consequently, genome-wide diversity show similar patterns with admixture tests suggesting North Africans are a mixture of ancestral populations related to current Africans and Eurasians with more affinity towards the out-of-Africa populations than to sub-Saharan Africans. We estimate from the paternal lineages that most North Africans emerged ~15,000 years ago during the last glacial warming and that population splits started after the desiccation of the Sahara. Although most North Africans share a common admixture history, the Tunisian Berbers show long periods of genetic isolation and appear to have diverged from surrounding populations without subsequent mixture. On the other hand, continuous gene flow from the Middle East made Egyptians genetically closer to Eurasians than to other North Africans. We show that genetic diversity of today's North Africans mostly captures patterns from migrations post Last Glacial Maximum and therefore may be insufficient to inform on the initial population of the region during the Middle Paleolithic period. This study was supported in parts by Spanish Government MCINN grant CGL2010-14944/BOS and Programa de Cooperación Interuniversitaria e Investigación Científica, Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation grants A75180/06, A/8394/07, B/018514/08, A1/040218/11. Peer Reviewed 2015-03-20T09:58:17Z 2015-03-20T09:58:17Z 2013-11-27 2015-03-20T09:58:18Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080293 issn: 1932-6203 PLoS ONE 8(11): e80293 (2013) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/112711 10.1371/journal.pone.0080293 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003767 24312208 Publisher's version http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080293 Sí open Public Library of Science |
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The geostrategic location of North Africa as a crossroad between three continents and as a stepping-stone outside Africa has evoked anthropological and genetic interest in this region. Numerous studies have described the genetic landscape of the human population in North Africa employing paternal, maternal, and biparental molecular markers. However, information from these markers which have different inheritance patterns has been mostly assessed independently, resulting in an incomplete description of the region. In this study, we analyze uniparental and genome-wide markers examining similarities or contrasts in the results and consequently provide a comprehensive description of the evolutionary history of North Africa populations. Our results show that both males and females in North Africa underwent a similar admixture history with slight differences in the proportions of admixture components. Consequently, genome-wide diversity show similar patterns with admixture tests suggesting North Africans are a mixture of ancestral populations related to current Africans and Eurasians with more affinity towards the out-of-Africa populations than to sub-Saharan Africans. We estimate from the paternal lineages that most North Africans emerged ~15,000 years ago during the last glacial warming and that population splits started after the desiccation of the Sahara. Although most North Africans share a common admixture history, the Tunisian Berbers show long periods of genetic isolation and appear to have diverged from surrounding populations without subsequent mixture. On the other hand, continuous gene flow from the Middle East made Egyptians genetically closer to Eurasians than to other North Africans. We show that genetic diversity of today's North Africans mostly captures patterns from migrations post Last Glacial Maximum and therefore may be insufficient to inform on the initial population of the region during the Middle Paleolithic period. |
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) |
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España) Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima Haber, Marc Martínez-Cruz, Begoña Zalloua, Pierre Benammar-Elgaaied, Amel Comas, David |
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Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima Haber, Marc Martínez-Cruz, Begoña Zalloua, Pierre Benammar-Elgaaied, Amel Comas, David |
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Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima Haber, Marc Martínez-Cruz, Begoña Zalloua, Pierre Benammar-Elgaaied, Amel Comas, David Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
author_sort |
Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima |
title |
Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
title_short |
Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
title_full |
Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
title_fullStr |
Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genome-Wide and Paternal Diversity Reveal a Recent Origin of Human Populations in North Africa. |
title_sort |
genome-wide and paternal diversity reveal a recent origin of human populations in north africa. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2013-11-27 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/112711 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004837 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003767 |
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_version_ |
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