Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa
Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and "modern" (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having "modern" architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed.
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Subjects: | F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, F01 - Culture des plantes, Oryza sativa, Vigna unguiculata, Sorghum bicolor, amélioration des plantes, variété, agriculture de transition, compétition végétale, mauvaise herbe, critère de sélection, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078, http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355, |
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dig-cirad-fr-5308662024-01-28T14:18:14Z http://agritrop.cirad.fr/530866/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/530866/ Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa. Dingkuhn Michaël, Singh B.B., Clerget Benoît, Chantereau Jacques, Sultan Benjamin. 2006. Agricultural Water Management, 80 (1-3) : 241-261.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016 <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016> Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa Dingkuhn, Michaël Singh, B.B. Clerget, Benoît Chantereau, Jacques Sultan, Benjamin eng 2006 Agricultural Water Management F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 Afrique occidentale http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and "modern" (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having "modern" architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed. article info:eu-repo/semantics/article Journal Article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion http://agritrop.cirad.fr/530866/1/document_530866.pdf application/pdf Cirad license info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess https://agritrop.cirad.fr/mention_legale.html https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016 10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/purl/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.07.016 |
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F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 |
spellingShingle |
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 Dingkuhn, Michaël Singh, B.B. Clerget, Benoît Chantereau, Jacques Sultan, Benjamin Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
description |
Asia's Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s has largely bypassed West Africa, and "modern" (high-yielding, input responsive) germplasm for staple crops has found comparatively little adoption, except for systems that are have good access to markets and sufficient water resources. It is unlikely, however, that breeding objectives conserving traditional crop characteristics as found in extensive systems would have been more successful. The authors identify systems caught in the agricultural transition from subsistence to intensified, market-oriented production as the most important target for crop improvement, and provide examples of new breeding objectives for cowpea, sorghum and upland rice. In each of these cases, breeders, with the help of physiologists, have developed innovative plant-type concepts that combine improved yield potential and input responsiveness with specific traditional crop characteristics that remain essential during the agricultural transition. In the case of cowpea, dual-purpose varieties were developed that produce a good grain yield due to an erect plant habit, then produce new leaves enabling a second harvest of green foliage. For upland rice systems that are limited by labour (mainly needed to control weeds that abound due to shortened fallow periods), a weed competitive plant type was developed from Oryza sativa × Oryza glaberrima crosses. Lastly, sorghum breeders who had previously deselected photoperiod sensitivity are now re-inserting sensitivity into plants having "modern" architecture, in order to allow for flexible sowing dates while maintaining an agro-ecologically optimal time of flowering near the end of the wet season. The ecophysiological basis of these plant types, their place in current and future cropping systems, as well as the problem of under-funding for their realisation, are discussed. |
format |
article |
topic_facet |
F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes F01 - Culture des plantes Oryza sativa Vigna unguiculata Sorghum bicolor amélioration des plantes variété agriculture de transition compétition végétale mauvaise herbe critère de sélection http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7247 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5956 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8157 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7868 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35264 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8347 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1078 http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8355 |
author |
Dingkuhn, Michaël Singh, B.B. Clerget, Benoît Chantereau, Jacques Sultan, Benjamin |
author_facet |
Dingkuhn, Michaël Singh, B.B. Clerget, Benoît Chantereau, Jacques Sultan, Benjamin |
author_sort |
Dingkuhn, Michaël |
title |
Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
title_short |
Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
title_full |
Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
title_fullStr |
Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
title_full_unstemmed |
Past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in West Africa |
title_sort |
past, present and future criteria to breed crops for water-limited environments in west africa |
url |
http://agritrop.cirad.fr/530866/ http://agritrop.cirad.fr/530866/1/document_530866.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT dingkuhnmichael pastpresentandfuturecriteriatobreedcropsforwaterlimitedenvironmentsinwestafrica AT singhbb pastpresentandfuturecriteriatobreedcropsforwaterlimitedenvironmentsinwestafrica AT clergetbenoit pastpresentandfuturecriteriatobreedcropsforwaterlimitedenvironmentsinwestafrica AT chantereaujacques pastpresentandfuturecriteriatobreedcropsforwaterlimitedenvironmentsinwestafrica AT sultanbenjamin pastpresentandfuturecriteriatobreedcropsforwaterlimitedenvironmentsinwestafrica |
_version_ |
1792496386749497344 |