Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz
Resistance to herbicides in weeds associated with rice The factors determining the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds are analyzed as well as the criteria used to detect this evolution and the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides in weeds. Several concepts on the prevention of the appearance of weeds and their management are discussed, with special emphasis on the rice crop. Factors causing yield losses in rice as well as increased production costs and environmental risks include the following: the evolution of the resistance to several herbicides in weed populations, which has been favored by the monocropping of rice; the strong dependence of farmers on chemical weed control; and the repeated application of the same type of herbicide. Factors determining the rate of evolution of weed resistance to herbicides are the initial frequency of resistant (mutant) individuals, their fecundity and longevity in the soil reservoir, their ecological fitness, the reproduction mode, the genetic base and mode of inheritance of the resistant trait, the toxicity and residuality of the herbicide, and herbicide dosage and frequency of use. This selection pressure, which favors the appearance of resistant weed biotypes, can be reduced by using a sequence of herbicides or by combining herbicides with different modes of action and degradation mechanisms. Other practices, such as planting weed-free certified seed, field inspection, and trials to detect resistant biotypes, help limit the dispersal of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Metabolic resistance as well as the evolution of multiple resistance represent challenges that will require creative management strategies and underscore the need for integrated weed management. Models to predict the evolution of resistance are useful research tools and allow for the design and selection of profitable integrated weed management programs. The management of the resistance to herbicides requires long-term planning and the support of educational programs.
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book Chapter biblioteca |
| Language: | Spanish / Castilian |
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International Center for Tropical Agriculture
2010
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| Subjects: | oryza sativa, weeds, herbicides, herbicide resistance, weed control, crop management, malezas, herbicidas, resistencia a los herbicidas, control de malezas, manejo del cultivo, |
| Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82517 http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/2010_Degiovanni-Produccion_eco-eficiente_del_arroz.pdf#page=471 |
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oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo |
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oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo Fischer, Albert Valverde, Bernal E. Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
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Resistance to herbicides in weeds associated with rice The factors determining the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds are analyzed as well as the criteria used to detect this evolution and the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides in weeds. Several concepts on the prevention of the appearance of weeds and their management are discussed, with special emphasis on the rice crop. Factors causing yield losses in rice as well as increased production costs and environmental risks include the following: the evolution of the resistance to several herbicides in weed populations, which has been favored by the monocropping of rice; the strong dependence of farmers on chemical weed control; and the repeated application of the same type of herbicide. Factors determining the rate of evolution of weed resistance to herbicides are the initial frequency of resistant (mutant) individuals, their fecundity and longevity in the soil reservoir, their ecological fitness, the reproduction mode, the genetic base and mode of inheritance of the resistant trait, the toxicity and residuality of the herbicide, and herbicide dosage and frequency of use. This selection pressure, which favors the appearance of resistant weed biotypes, can be reduced by using a sequence of herbicides or by combining herbicides with different modes of action and degradation mechanisms. Other practices, such as planting weed-free certified seed, field inspection, and trials to detect resistant biotypes, help limit the dispersal of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Metabolic resistance as well as the evolution of multiple resistance represent challenges that will require creative management strategies and underscore the need for integrated weed management. Models to predict the evolution of resistance are useful research tools and allow for the design and selection of profitable integrated weed management programs. The management of the resistance to herbicides requires long-term planning and the support of educational programs. |
| format |
Book Chapter |
| topic_facet |
oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo |
| author |
Fischer, Albert Valverde, Bernal E. |
| author_facet |
Fischer, Albert Valverde, Bernal E. |
| author_sort |
Fischer, Albert |
| title |
Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| title_short |
Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| title_full |
Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| title_fullStr |
Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| title_sort |
resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz |
| publisher |
International Center for Tropical Agriculture |
| publishDate |
2010 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82517 http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/2010_Degiovanni-Produccion_eco-eficiente_del_arroz.pdf#page=471 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT fischeralbert resistenciaaherbicidasenmalezasasociadasconarroz AT valverdebernale resistenciaaherbicidasenmalezasasociadasconarroz |
| _version_ |
1779059225603866624 |
| spelling |
dig-cgspace-10568-825172023-03-14T20:10:30Z Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz Fischer, Albert Valverde, Bernal E. oryza sativa weeds herbicides herbicide resistance weed control crop management malezas herbicidas resistencia a los herbicidas control de malezas manejo del cultivo Resistance to herbicides in weeds associated with rice The factors determining the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds are analyzed as well as the criteria used to detect this evolution and the mechanisms of resistance to herbicides in weeds. Several concepts on the prevention of the appearance of weeds and their management are discussed, with special emphasis on the rice crop. Factors causing yield losses in rice as well as increased production costs and environmental risks include the following: the evolution of the resistance to several herbicides in weed populations, which has been favored by the monocropping of rice; the strong dependence of farmers on chemical weed control; and the repeated application of the same type of herbicide. Factors determining the rate of evolution of weed resistance to herbicides are the initial frequency of resistant (mutant) individuals, their fecundity and longevity in the soil reservoir, their ecological fitness, the reproduction mode, the genetic base and mode of inheritance of the resistant trait, the toxicity and residuality of the herbicide, and herbicide dosage and frequency of use. This selection pressure, which favors the appearance of resistant weed biotypes, can be reduced by using a sequence of herbicides or by combining herbicides with different modes of action and degradation mechanisms. Other practices, such as planting weed-free certified seed, field inspection, and trials to detect resistant biotypes, help limit the dispersal of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Metabolic resistance as well as the evolution of multiple resistance represent challenges that will require creative management strategies and underscore the need for integrated weed management. Models to predict the evolution of resistance are useful research tools and allow for the design and selection of profitable integrated weed management programs. The management of the resistance to herbicides requires long-term planning and the support of educational programs. Se analizan los factores que determinan la evolución de la resistencia de las malezas a los herbicidas, los criterios para detectar esa evolución y los mecanismos de resistencia de las malezas a los herbicidas; se estudian también algunos conceptos sobre la prevención de la aparición de las malezas y sobre su manejo, haciendo énfasis en el cultivo del arroz. Se indica que algunos factores causantes de pérdidas de rendimiento del arroz y de incrementos en los costos de producción y riesgo ambiental son la evolución de la resistencia a algunos herbicidas en las poblaciones de malezas, la cual ha sido favorecida por la producción de arroz en monocultivo, la fuerte dependencia del cultivador por el control químico de las malezas y la aplicación repetida de un mismo tipo de herbicidas. Algunos factores que determinan la tasa de evolución de la resistencia de las malezas a los herbicidas son: la relación proporcional en que originalmente aparecen los individuos resistentes (los mutantes); su fecundidad y su persistencia en el banco de semillas del suelo; su adaptabilidad ecológica; su sistema de reproducción; la base genética de su resistencia y el modo en que la heredan; la toxicidad y la residualidad del herbicida; la dosis empleada del herbicida; y la frecuencia con que éste se aplica. Esta presión de selección, que propicia la aparición de biotipos resistentes, se reduce si se emplean secuencias o mezclas de herbicidas cuyo modo de acción y mecanismo de degradación sean diferentes. Otras prácticas, como sembrar semilla certificada libre de malezas, inspeccionar el campo y hacer pruebas de detección de biotipos resistentes, ayudan a limitar la dispersión de la resistencia. La resistencia de tipo metabólico y la evolución de la resistencia múltiple son un desafío al avance del cultivo que requiere una estrategia creativa y enfatiza la necesidad de practicar un control integral de malezas. Por su parte, los modelos de predicción sirven de apoyo a la investigación y permiten el diseño y la selección de programas rentables de manejo integrado. El manejo de la resistencia a los herbicidas implica una planificación a largo plazo y debe apoyarse en programas educativos. 2010 2017-06-20T09:02:33Z 2017-06-20T09:02:33Z Book Chapter Fischer, Albert; Valverde, Bernal E.. 2010. Resistencia a herbicidas en malezas asociadas con arroz . In: Degiovanni Beltramo, Víctor M.; Martínez Racines, César P.; Motta O., Francisco (eds.). Producción eco-eficiente del arroz en América Latina . Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), Cali, CO. p. 447-487. (Publicación CIAT no. 365) https://hdl.handle.net/10568/82517 http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/2010_Degiovanni-Produccion_eco-eficiente_del_arroz.pdf#page=471 es Open Access p. 447-487 application/pdf International Center for Tropical Agriculture |