Risks and opportunities associated with pollinators' conservation and management of pollination services in Latin America.

The conservation status of pollinators and pollination in Latin America (LA) is reviewed. The knowledge regarding native and managed pollinators (e.g., honeybee and stingless bees) and pollination services was synthetized, and the guidelines to improve the opportunities for conservation are provided, considering the threats to pollinators and the perspectives from traditional and local knowledge. The analysis indicates that diverse threats (e.g., large-scale agriculture, deforestation, overuse of agrochemicals) are linked with pollination and pollinator decline, which affect the reproduction of most native plants and the yields of many crops. LA harbours the highest bee diversity worldwide, with 26% of the total recorded species, and it is a biodiversity hotspot of vertebrate pollinators, including hummingbirds, perching birds, nectarivorous bats and other mammal pollinators. Specific recommendations to conserve native pollinators and to improve pollination services are provided, which could be considered by stakeholders and governments aiming to elaborate biocultural conservation. For example, introducing policies and legal responses for incentives to help farmers maintain natural habitats and forests, to replace or reduce agrochemicals and to improve diversified crop production with agroecological practices; refining agrochemical regulations to minimize the exposure of pollinators to insecticides and herbicides; improving knowledge and education on pollinators and pollination gives societies worldwide the opportunity to change current hegemonic agricultural practices and consumption patterns; integrating different land ethical views of ethnic minorities on a sustainable relationship between production and biodiversity. A wider view combining social, ecological, cultural dimensions may support better decision making. This holistic socio-agroecological perspective is urgently needed to conserve and manage pollinators at different spatial and temporal scales, and to integrate pollination services, pollinator-friendly habitat management approaches and diversified farming systems.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	GALETTO, L., AIZEN, M. A., ARIZMENDI, M. del C., FREITAS, B. M., GARIBALDI, L. A., GIANNINI, T. C., LOPES, A. V., ESPÍEIRTO SANTO, M. M. do, MAUES, M. M., NATES-PARRA, G., RODRIGUEZ, J. I., QUEZADA-EUAN, J. J. G., VANDAME, R., VIANA, B. F., IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA, V. L.
Other Authors:	LEONARDO GALETTO, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; MARCELO A. AIZEN, Universidad Nacional del Comahue; M. DEL CORO ARIZMENDI, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; BRENO M. FREITAS, UFC; LUCAS A. GARIBALDI, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; TEREZA C. GIANNINI, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentavel; ARIADNA V. LOPES, UFPE; MÁRIO M. DO ESPÍRITO SANTO, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros; MARCIA MOTTA MAUES, CPATU; GUIOMAR NATES-PARRA, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; JAIME I. RODRIGUEZ, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Bolivia; JOSÉ J. G. QUEZADA-EUAN, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán; REMY VANDAME, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur; BLANDINA F. VIANA, UFBA; VERA LUCIA IMPERATRIZ-FONSECA, Instituto Tecnológico Vale Desenvolvimento Sustentavel.
Format:	Artigo de periódico biblioteca
Language:	Ingles English
Published:	2022-01-18
Subjects:	Declínio de polinizadores, Serviços de polinização, Conhecimento local tradicional, Déficit de polinização, Biodiversidade, Política Ambiental, Polinização, Inseto Polinizador, Biodiversity,
Online Access:	http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1139167 https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.22.32.1.0.1790
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