Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora.

Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	STEEGE, H. ter, PRADO, P. I., LIMA, R. A. F. de, POS, E., COELHO, L. de S., LIMA FILHO, D. de A., SALOMÃO, R. P., AMARAL, I. L., MATOS, F. D. de A., CASTILHO, C. V. de, PHILLIPS, O. L., GUEVER, J. E., CARIM, M. de J. V., LÓPEZ, D. C., MAGNUSSON, W. E., WITTMANN, F., MARTINS, M. P., SABATIER, D., IRUME, M. V., GUIMARÃES, J. R. da S., MOLINO, J.-F., BÁNKI, O. S., PIEDADE, M. T. F., PITMAN, N. C. A., RAMOS, J. F., MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, A., VENTICINQUE, E. M., LUIZE, B. G., NÚÑEZ VARGAS, P., SILVA, T. S. F., NOVO, E. M. M. de L., REIS, N. F. C., TERBORGH, J., MANZATTO, A. G., CASULA, K. R., CORONADO, E. N. H., MONTERO, J. C., DUQUE, A., COSTA, F. R. C., CASTÑO ARBOLEDA, N., SCHÖNGART, J., ZARTMAN, C. E., KILLEN, T. J., MARIMON, B. S., MARIMON-JUNIOR, B. H., VASQUEZ, R., MOSTACEDO, B., DEMARCHI, L. O., FELDPAUSCH, T. R., ENGEL, J., PETRONELLI, P., BARALOTO, C., ASSIS, R. L., SIMON, M. F., MEDEIROS, M. B. de, QUARESMA, A., LAURANCE, S. G. W., RINCÓ, L. M., ANDRADE, A., SOUSA, T. R., CAMARGO, J. L., SCHIETTI, J., LAURANCE, W. F., QUEIROZ, H. L. de, NASCIMENTO, H. E. M., LOPES, M. A., FARIAS, E. de S., MAGALHÃES, J. L. L., BRIENEN, R., AYMARD C. G. A., REVILLA, J. D. C., VIEIRA, I. C. G., CINTRA, B. B. L., STEVENSON, P. R., FEITOSA, Y. O., DUIVENVOORDEN, J. F., MOGOLLÓN, H. F., ARAUJO-MURAKAMI, A., FERREIRA, L. V., LOZADA, J. R., COMISKEY, J. A., TOLEDO, J. J. de, DAMASCO, G., DÁVILA, N., LOPES, A., GARCÍA-VILLACORTA, R., DRAPER, F., VICENTINI, A., VALVERDE, F. C., LLOYD, J., GOMES, V. H. F., NEILL, D., ALONSO, A., DALLMEIER, F., SOUZA, F. C. de, GRIBEL, R., ARROYO, L., CARVALHO, F. A., AGUIAR, D. P. P. de, AMARAL, D. D. do, PANSONATO, M. P., FEELEY, K. J., BERENGUER, E., FINE, P. V. A., GUEDES, M. C., BARLOW, J., FERREIRA, J. N., VILLA, B., PEÑUELA MORA, M. C., JIMENEZ, E. M., CERÓN, C., THOMAS, R., MASS, P., SILVEIRA, M., HENKEL, T. W., STROPP, J., PAREDES, M. R., DEXTER, K. G., DALY, D., BAKER, T. R., HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO, I., MILLIKEN, W., PENNINGTON, T., TELLO, J. S., PENA, J. L. M., PERES, C. A., KLITGAARD, B., FUENTES, A., SILMAN, M. R., Di FIORE, A., HILDEBRAND, P. von, CHAVE, J., ANDEL, T. R. van, HILÁRIO, R. R., PHILLIPS, J. F., RIVAS-TORRES, G., NORONHA, J. C., PRIETO, A., GONZALES, T., CARPANEDO, R. de S., GONZALES, G. P. G., ZGÓMEZ, R. Z., RODRIGUES, D. de J., ZENT, E. L., RUSCHEL, A. R., VOS, V. A., FONTY, E., JUNQUEIRA, A. B., DOZ, H. P. D., HOFFMAN, B., ZENT, S., BARBOSA, E. M., MALHI, Y., BONATES, L. C. de M., MIRANDA, I. P. de A., SILVA, N., BARBOSA, F. R., VELA, C. I. A., PINTO, L. F. M., RUDAS, A., ALBUQUERQUE, B. W., UMAÑA, M. N., CARRERO MÁRQUEZ, Y. A., HEIJDEN, G. van der, YOUNG, K. R., TIRADO, M., CORREA, D. F., SIERRA, R., COSTA, J. B. P., ROCHA, M., TORRE, E. V., WANG, O., OLIVEIRA, A. A., KALAMANDEEN, M., VRIESENDORP, C., RAMIREZ-ANGULO, H., HOLMGREN, M., NASCIMENTO, M. T., GALBRAITH, G., FLORES, B. M., SCUDELLER, V. V., CANO, A., REATEGUI, M. A. A., MESONES, I., BAIDER, C., MENDOZA, C., ZAGT, R., GIRALDO, L. E. U., FERREIRA, C., VILLARROEL, D., LINARES-PALOMINO, R., FARFAN-RIOS, W., CASAS, L. F., CÁRDENAS, S., BALSLEV, H., TORRES-LEZAMA, A., ALEXIADES, M. N., GARCIA-CABRERA, K., GAMARRA, L. V., SANDOVAL, E. H. V., RAMIREZ AREVALO, F., HERNANDEZ, L., SAMPAIO, A. F., PANSINI, S., PALACIOS CUENCA, W., OLIVEIRA, E. A. de, PAULETTO, D., LEVESLEY, A., MELGAÇO, K., PICKAVANCE, G.
Other Authors:	Hans ter Steege, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Paulo I. Prado, USP; Renato A. F. de Lima, Naturalis Biodiversity Center / USP; Edwin Pos, Utrecht University; Luiz de Souza Coelho, INPA; Diogenes de Andrade Lima Filho, INPA; Rafael P. Salomão, UFRA / MPEG; Iêda Leão Amaral, INPA; Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, INPA; CAROLINA VOLKMER DE CASTILHO, CPAF-RR; Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds; Juan Ernesto Guevara, Universidad de las Américas / The Field Museum; Marcelo de Jesus Veiga Carim, IEPA; Dairon Cárdenas López, Instituto SINCHI; William E. Magnusson, INPA; Florian Wittmann, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology / Max Planck Institute for Chemistry; Maria Pires Martins, INPA; Daniel Sabatier, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier; Mariana Victória Irume, INPA; José Renan da Silva Guimarães, IEPA; Jean-François Molino, AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier; Olaf S. Bánki, Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade, INPA; Nigel C. A. Pitman, The Field Museum; José Ferreira Ramos, INPA; Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardín Botánico de Missouri; Eduardo Martins Venticinque, UFRN; Bruno Garcia Luize, UNESP; Percy Núñez Vargas, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Thiago Sanna Freire Silva, University of Stirling; Evlyn Márcia Moraes de Leão Novo, INPE; Neidiane Farias Costa Reis, UFRO; John Terborgh, University of Florida / James Cook University; Angelo Gilberto Manzatto, UFRO; Katia Regina Casula, UFRO; Euridice N. Honorio Coronado, IIAP / University of Leeds; Juan Carlos Montero, INPA / Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal; Alvaro Duque, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Flávia R. C. Costa, INPA; Nicolás Castaño Arboleda, Instituto SINCHI; Jochen Schöngart, INPA; Charles Eugene Zartman, INPA; Timothy J. Killeen, Agteca-Amazonica; Beatriz S. Marimon, UNEMAT; Ben Hur Marimon-Junior, UNEMAT; Rodolfo Vasquez, Jardín Botánico de Missouri; Bonifacio Mostacedo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Layon O. Demarchi, INPA; Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Exeter; Julien Engel, Florida International University; Pascal Petronelli, Cirad UMR Ecofog, AgrosParisTech,CNRS,INRA,Univ Guyane; Chris Baraloto, Florida International University; Rafael L. Assis, University of Oslo; MARCELO FRAGOMENI SIMON, Cenargen; MARCELO BRILHANTE DE MEDEIROS, Cenargen; Adriano Quaresma, INPA; Susan G. W. Laurance, James Cook University; Lorena M. Rincó, INPA; Ana Andrade, INPA; Thaiane R. Sousa, INPA; José Luís Camargo, INPA; Juliana Schietti, INPA; William F. Laurance, James Cook University; Helder Lima de Queiroz, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá; Henrique Eduardo Mendonça Nascimento, INPA; Maria Aparecida Lopes, UFPA; Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, FIOCRUZ; José Leonardo Lima Magalhães, UFPA / CPATU; Roel Brienen, University of Leeds; Gerardo A. Aymard C., UNELLEZ-Guanare; Juan David Cardenas Revilla, INPA; Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, INPA; Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, USP; Pablo R. Stevenson, Universidad de los Andes; Yuri Oliveira Feitosa, INPA; Joost F. Duivenvoorden, University of Amsterdam; Hugo F. Mogollón, Endangered Species Coalition; Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno; Leandro Valle Ferreira, MPEG; José Rafael Lozada, Universidad de los Andes; James A. Comiskey, National Park Service / Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; José Julio de Toledo, UNIFAP; Gabriel Damasco, University of California; Nállarett Dávila, UNICAMP; Aline Lopes, UNB / INPA; Roosevelt García-Villacorta, Cornell University / Peruvian Center for Biodiversity and Conservation; Freddie Draper, Carnegie Institution for Science / Florida International University; Alberto Vicentini, INPA; Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program; Jon Lloyd, Imperial College London; Vitor H. F. Gomes, CESUPA / UFPA; David Neill, Universidad Estatal Amazónica; Alfonso Alonso, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Francisco Dallmeier, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; Fernanda Coelho de Souza, University of Leeds / INPA; Rogerio Gribel, INPA; Luzmila Arroyo, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno; Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, UFMG / INPA; Daniel Praia Portela de Aguiar, INPA; Dário Dantas do Amaral, MPEG; Marcelo Petratti Pansonato, USP / INPA; Kenneth J. Feeley, University of Miami / Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden; Erika Berenguer, University of Oxford / Lancaster University; Paul V. A. Fine, University of California; MARCELINO CARNEIRO GUEDES, CPAF-AP; Jos Barlow, Lancaster University; JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU; Boris Villa, Direccíon de Evaluación Forestal y de Fauna Silvestre; Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM; Eliana M. Jimenez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Juan Carlos Montero, INPA; Carlos Cerón, Universidad Central, Ecuador; Raquel Thomas, Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development; Paul Maas, Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Marcos Silveira, UFAC; Terry W. Henkel, Humboldt State University; Juliana Stropp, UFAL; Marcos Ríos Paredes, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL; Kyle G. Dexter, University of Edinburgh / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; Doug Daly, New York Botanical Garden; Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds; Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; William Milliken, Royal Botanic Gardens; Toby Pennington, University of Exeter / Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; J. Sebastián Tello, Missouri Botanical Garden; José Luis Marcelo Pena, Universidad Nacional de Jaén; Carlos A. Peres, University of East Anglia; Bente Klitgaard, Royal Botanic Gardens; Alfredo Fuentes, Missouri Botanical Garden / Universitario UMSA; Miles R. Silman, Wake Forest University; Anthony Di Fiore, University of Texas at Austin; Patricio von Hildebrand, Fundación Estación de Biología; Jerome Chave, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier; Tinde R. van Andel, Wageningen University / Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Renato Richard Hilário, UNIFAP; Juan Fernando Phillips, Fundación Puerto Rastrojo; Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Universidad San Francisco de Quito / University of Florida; Janaína Costa Noronha, UFMT; Adriana Prieto, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Therany Gonzales, ACEER Foundation; Rainiellene de Sá Carpanedo, UFMT; George Pepe Gallardo Gonzales, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL; Ricardo Zárate Gómez, IIAP; Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues, UFMT; Egleé L. Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC; ADEMIR ROBERTO RUSCHEL, CPATU; Vincent Antoine Vos, Universidad Autónoma del Beni José Ballivián; Émile Fonty, Direction régionale de la Guyane, ONF / AMAP, IRD, Cirad, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier; André Braga Junqueira, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Hilda Paulette Dávila Doza, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL; Bruce Hoffman, Amazon Conservation Team; Stanford Zent, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas - IVIC; Edelcilio Marques Barbosa, INPA; Yadvinder Malhi, Oxford University Centre for the Environment; Luiz Carlos de Matos Bonates, INPA; Ires Paula de Andrade Miranda, INPA; Natalino Silva, UFRA; Flávia Rodrigues Barbosa, UFMT; César I. A. Vela, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Linder Felipe Mozombite Pinto, Servicios de Biodiversidad EIRL; Agustín Rudas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bianca Weiss Albuquerque, INPA; Maria Natalia Umaña, University of Michigan; Yrma Andreina Carrero Márquez, Universidad de los Andes; Geertje van der Heijden, University of Nottingham, University Park; Kenneth R. Young, University of Texas at Austin; Milton Tirado, GeoIS; Diego F. Correa, University of Queensland / Universidad de los Andes; Rodrigo Sierra, GeoIS; Janaina Barbosa Pedrosa Costa, COLABORADORA CPAF-AP; Maria Rocha, INPA; Emilio Vilanova Torre, Universidad de los Andes / University of Washington; Ophelia Wang, Northern Arizona University; Alexandre A. Oliveira, USP; Michelle Kalamandeen, University of Leeds / Laurentian University; Corine Vriesendorp, The Field Museum; Hirma Ramirez-Angulo, Universidad de los Andes; Milena Holmgren, Wageningen University & Research; Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense; David Galbraith, University of Leeds; Bernardo Monteiro Flores, UNICAMP; Veridiana Vizoni Scudeller, UFAM; Angela Cano, Cambridge University Botanic Garden / Universidad de los Andes; Manuel Augusto Ahuite Reategui, Medio Ambiente, PLUSPRETOL; Italo Mesones, University of California; Cláudia Baider, USP / The Mauritius Herbarium, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security; Casimiro Mendoza, Universidad Mayor de San Simon / FOMABO, Manejo Forestal en las Tierras Tropicales de Bolivia; Roderick Zagt, Tropenbos International; Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Cid Ferreira, INPA; Daniel Villarroel, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno; Reynaldo Linares-Palomino, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute; William Farfan-Rios, Missouri Botanical Garden / Washington University in Saint Louis; WILLIAM FARFAN-RIOS, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Luisa Fernanda Casas, Universidad de los Andes; Sasha Cárdenas, Universidad de los Andes; Henrik Balslev, Aarhus University; Armando Torres-Lezama, Universidad de los Andes; Miguel N. Alexiades, University of Kent; Karina Garcia-Cabrera, Wake Forest University; Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Jardín Botánico de Missouri; Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, University of Missouri / Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana; Freddy Ramirez Arevalo, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana; Lionel Hernandez, Universidad Nacional Experimental de Guayana; Adeilza Felipe Sampaio, UFRO; Susamar Pansini, UFRO; Walter Palacios Cuenca, Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Universidad Técnica del Norte; Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, UNEMAT; Daniela Pauletto, UFOPA; Aurora Levesley, University of Leeds; Karina Melgaço, University of Leeds; Georgia Pickavance, University of Leeds.
Format:	Artigo de periódico biblioteca
Language:	Ingles English
Published:	2020-09-25
Subjects:	Floresta Tropical, Ecologia Florestal, Espécie, Árvore, Amazonia,
Online Access:	http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1125105 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66686-3
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