A valiaçao do impacto energético e ambiental da cogeçao no balanço energético e no ciclo de vida do biodiesel de óleo de palma africana.

The production of biodiesel out of palm oil presents remarkable advantages on the net primary energy gain, concerning depetable energy resources in relation to other bio-energetic sources. Among other aspects, this advantage is based on its greater oil yield by hectare (4000-6500 Kg ha(-1)year(-1)), its minimun mechanization and the absence of chemical products used for extracting and refining the palm oil. Biomass residues resulting from oil extraction reaches 42 percent of the weight of the fresh fruit bunch (FFB), equivalent to 8240 Kg ha(-1)year(-1) of biomass and 392 Kg ha(-1)year(-1) of biogas with 55 percent of methane. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of a biomass fueled cogeneration system over the life cycle assessment (LCA) for palm oil biodiesel, by introducing of some residues of the oil extraction process to generate electricity from steam with high parameters and modern technologies. Several efficient thermal schemes for co-generation in the palm oil industry, with a condensing-extraction turbine, high pressure boilers were simulated by using Gatecycle software version 5.0.1. These results were considered in the biodiesel production life cycle assessment, by using SimaPro software version 7.01. The LCA was carried out from "cradle to gate", considering the stages of agricultural, extraction, refining, trans-esterification and transport for a functional unit of a 1 Kg of biodiesel, using for the analysis the method Impact 2002+. This study established a potential of 124.8 GJ Kg ha(-1)year(-1) from biomass and an electricity generation index up to 200 kWh tonne(-1) FFB, with a full use of residues. The Output/Input energy ratio for the palm oil biodiesel reaches values up to 5.95, almost 3.5 greater than others biodiesel out of vegetable oils. The metanol was established as the principal factor responsible of the environmental impact of biodiesel, with a 37 percent of a total impact, follow by Nitrogen and transport with 25 percent and 14 percent respectively. The benefits of biodiesel production are mainly focus on climatic change. The cogeneration process allow to reduce a 148 percent the Land use impact, a 17 percent the non renewable energy consume, an 7.6 percent the global warning and 33 percent the ozone layer depletion among other positive effects.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Yáñez A., Edgar E. 38534, autor. aut
Format:	Texto biblioteca
Language:	or
Published:	Itajubá : Universidade Federal de Itajubá. Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, 2008
Subjects:	Biodiésel, Palma africana, Aceites vegetales,
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