Soil macroinvertebrate communities a world-wide assessment

Aim: Macroinvertebrates comprise a highly diverse set of taxa with great potential as indicators of soil quality. Communities were sampled at 3,694 sites distributed worldwide. We aimed to analyse the patterns of abundance, composition and network characteristics and their relationships to latitude, mean annual temperature and rainfall, land cover, soil texture and agricultural practices. Location: Sites are distributed in 41 countries, ranging from 55° S to 57° N latitude, from 0 to 4,000 m in elevation, with annual rainfall ranging from 500 to >3,000 mm and mean temperatures of 5–32°C. Time period: 1980–2018. Major taxa studied: All soil macroinvertebrates: Haplotaxida; Coleoptera; Formicidae; Arachnida; Chilopoda; Diplopoda; Diptera; Isoptera; Isopoda; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Gastropoda; Blattaria; Orthoptera; Lepidoptera; Dermaptera; and “others”. Methods: Standard ISO 23611-5 sampling protocol was applied at all sites. Data treatment used a set of multivariate analyses, principal components analysis (PCA) on macrofauna data transformed by Hellinger’s method, multiple correspondence analysis for environmental data (latitude, elevation, temperature and average annual rainfall, type of vegetation cover) transformed into discrete classes, coinertia analysis to compare these two data sets, and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap tests to evaluate the part of the variance of the macrofauna data attributable to each of the environmental factors. Network analysis was performed. Each pairwise association of taxonomic units was tested against a null model considering local and regional scales, in order to avoid spurious correlations. Results: Communities were separated into five clusters reflecting their densities and taxonomic richness. They were significantly influenced by climatic conditions, soil texture and vegetation cover. Abundance and diversity, highest in tropical forests (1,895 ±234 individuals/m²) and savannahs (1,796 ± 72 individuals/m²), progressively decreased in tropical cropping systems (tree-associated crops, 1,358 ± 120 individuals/m²; pastures, 1,178 ± 154 individuals/m²; and annual crops, 867 ± 62 individuals/m²), temperate grasslands (529 ± 60 individuals/m²), forests (232 ± 20 individuals/m²) and annual crops (231 ± 24 individuals/m²) and temperate dry forests and shrubs (195 ± 11 individuals/m²). Agricultural management decreased overall abundance by ≤54% in tropical areas and 64% in temperate areas. Connectivity varied with taxa, with dominant positive connections in litter transformers and negative connections with ecosystem engineers and Arachnida. Connectivity and modularity were higher in communities with low abundance and taxonomic richness. Main conclusions: Soil macroinvertebrate communities respond to climatic, soil and land-cover conditions. All taxa, except termites, are found everywhere, and communities from the five clusters cover a wide range of geographical and environmental conditions. Agricultural practices significantly decrease abundance, although the presence of tree components alleviates this effect.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Lavelle, Patrick autor 15707, Mathieu, Jérôme autor/a, Spain, Alister autor/a, Brown, George autor, Fragoso González, Carlos Enrique autor 14707, Lapied, Emmanuel autor, De Aquino, Adriana autora, Barois, Isabelle autora, Barrios, Edmundo autor, Barros, Maria Eleusa autora, Bedano, Jose Camilo autor, Blanchart, Eric autor, Caulfield, Mark autor, Chagueza, Yamileth autora, Dai, Jun autor, Decaëns, Thibaud autor/a, Dominguez, Anahi autora, Dominguez, Yamileth autora, Feijoo, Alexander autor, Folgarait, Patricia autora, Fonte, Steven J. autor, Gorosito, Norma autora, Huerta Lwanga, Esperanza Doctora autora 2039, Jimenez, Juan Jose autor, Kelly, Courtland autor/a, Loranger, Gladys autora, Marchão, Robelio autor, Marichal, Raphael autor, Praxedes, Catarina autora, Rodriguez, Leonardo autor, Rousseau, Guillaume autor/a, Rousseau, Laurent autora, Ruiz, Nuria autora, Sanabria, Catalina autora, Suarez, Juan Carlos autor, Ebagnerin Tondoh, Jerôme autor, De Valença, Anne autora, Vanek, Steven J. autor, Vasquez, Joel autor, Velasquez, Elena autora, Webster, Emily autora, Zhang, Chi autor/a
Format:	Texto biblioteca
Language:	eng
Subjects:	Macroinvertebrados del suelo, Calidad del suelo, Agricultura, Ecología de suelos, Ciencias físico matemáticas y ciencias de la tierra Ciencias de la tierra y del espacio Ciencias del suelo (Edafología),
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13492
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