A field experiment regarding the behavior of endogenous earthworms exposed to iron and titanium engineered nanoparticles in a natural forest soil
There are debates and concerns about the destination and possible contamination that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) can cause when they are deposited in water, air, or soil. Therefore, many studies have been carried under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to know the effect of NPs on soil macroinvertebrates. In the present study, under natural conditions, the effects of Fe- and Ti-NPs (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg−¹ dry soil) on the behavior of autochthonous endogeic earthworms, the concentration of NPs in their bodies, and on the forest soil properties were studied for 60 days. Earthworms exhibited an avoidance behavior at a concentration of 1000 mg Fe-NPs kg−¹ dry soil and presented lower amounts of Fe-NPs in their bodies. In contrast, in low concentrations of Fe-NPs, high amounts of Fe were found in the earthworms. Earthworms exposed to Ti-NPs avoided the consumption of NPs in all treatments evaluated. FE-SEM micrographs revealed that although earthworms had high amounts of NPs attached to their bodies, their consumption was lower. Even it was observed that the concentration of Fe in the organisms is backward proportional to the high concentrations of Fe-NPs in the soil. In contrast, the concentrations of Ti in the organisms remain constant with a limit consumption until 60 days. Autochthonous endogeic earthworms have an early sensory response independent of the type and concentration of NPs, followed by an avoidance behavior, deposition in their external tissue, and accumulation in their tissue thought of the time.
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Texto biblioteca |
| Language: | eng |
| Subjects: | Contaminación de suelos, Lombrices de tierra, Nanopartículas, Hierro, Titanio, |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-021-00360-y |
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