Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España
Almond orchards in Almería require frequent traffic with farm machinery, about 1-8 times a year. Our main objective was to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil compaction induced by traffic of two tractors with different weights, one light [LT = 15 kN] and one heavy [HT = 50 kN], passing 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 times over the same track on Aridisol soil. The work was performed in the Vélez Blanco District of Almería in southeast Spain. Outlined hypothesis were: [a] subsoil compaction distribution due to tractor traffic on recently tilled soils in almond orchard depends on total axle load and tractor passes, [b] topsoil compaction produced by tractor traffic depends on tractor passes and ground pressure. Variables measured were [CI] cone index, [BD] bulk density, [TSP] total soil porosity and [RD] rut depth. The relevant results were: in topsoil [0-200 mm], 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT caused mean values of CI of 1420, 1825, 1950 and 2050 kPa respectively, while for the HT with the same number of passes the values were of 1235, 1520, 1630 and 2510 kPa respectively. BD mean values had a similar behavior: 1.35, 1.38, 1.51 and 1.55 Mg m -3 for 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT and 1.30, 1.32, 1.41 and 1.52 for the HT with the same number of passes. In the subsoil [200-600 mm] the HT caused higher CI and BD values than the LT. CI mean values of the LT were between 1705 and 2490 kPa, while the HT produced 2100-2790 kPa of CI. BD mean values were between 1.58 and 1.7 Mg m -3 for the LT and 1.65-1.77 Mg m -3 for the HT. Hence, the data support both hypotheses. No significant differences were found in RD between HT and LT when they passed 1, 3 or 5 times, but there was a difference when traffic raised up to 8 passes [143 mm RD for HT]. The main conclusions were: [a] this work has shown that soil compaction resulting from tractor traffic increases CI and BD and decreases total soil porosity. The data of CI and BD indicated that Almond orchard soil is unable to limit subsoil compaction under moderate traffic intensity. [b] Up to the fifth pass of either a FWA or 2WD tractor, ground pressure is responsible for topsoil compaction.
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Subjects: | AXLE LOAD, ORCHARD FRUIT, SUBSOIL COMPACTION, TRACK, AXLE LOADS, BULK DENSITY, CONE INDEX, DATA SUPPORT, FARM MACHINERY, GROUND PRESSURE, MEAN VALUES, ORCHARD SOILS, RUT DEPTH, SOIL COMPACTION, SOIL POROSITY, TILLED SOILS, TRAFFIC INTENSITY, TWO TRACTORS, VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS, AXLES, COMPACTION, LOADS [FORCES], MACHINERY, ORCHARDS, POROSITY, SOIL MECHANICS, TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL], TRACTORS [TRUCK], WHEELS, SOILS, ARIDOSOL, LOADING TEST, NUT, ORCHARD, SUBSOIL, TILLAGE, TOPSOIL, VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION, ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA], ANDALUCIA, SPAIN, PRUNUS, PRUNUS DULCIS, |
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AXLE LOAD ORCHARD FRUIT SUBSOIL COMPACTION TRACK AXLE LOADS BULK DENSITY CONE INDEX DATA SUPPORT FARM MACHINERY GROUND PRESSURE MEAN VALUES ORCHARD SOILS RUT DEPTH SOIL COMPACTION SOIL POROSITY TILLED SOILS TRAFFIC INTENSITY TWO TRACTORS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AXLES COMPACTION LOADS [FORCES] MACHINERY ORCHARDS POROSITY SOIL MECHANICS TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL] TRACTORS [TRUCK] WHEELS SOILS ARIDOSOL BULK DENSITY LOADING TEST NUT ORCHARD SUBSOIL TILLAGE TOPSOIL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA] ANDALUCIA SPAIN PRUNUS PRUNUS DULCIS AXLE LOAD ORCHARD FRUIT SUBSOIL COMPACTION TRACK AXLE LOADS BULK DENSITY CONE INDEX DATA SUPPORT FARM MACHINERY GROUND PRESSURE MEAN VALUES ORCHARD SOILS RUT DEPTH SOIL COMPACTION SOIL POROSITY TILLED SOILS TRAFFIC INTENSITY TWO TRACTORS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AXLES COMPACTION LOADS [FORCES] MACHINERY ORCHARDS POROSITY SOIL MECHANICS TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL] TRACTORS [TRUCK] WHEELS SOILS ARIDOSOL BULK DENSITY LOADING TEST NUT ORCHARD SUBSOIL TILLAGE TOPSOIL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA] ANDALUCIA SPAIN PRUNUS PRUNUS DULCIS |
spellingShingle |
AXLE LOAD ORCHARD FRUIT SUBSOIL COMPACTION TRACK AXLE LOADS BULK DENSITY CONE INDEX DATA SUPPORT FARM MACHINERY GROUND PRESSURE MEAN VALUES ORCHARD SOILS RUT DEPTH SOIL COMPACTION SOIL POROSITY TILLED SOILS TRAFFIC INTENSITY TWO TRACTORS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AXLES COMPACTION LOADS [FORCES] MACHINERY ORCHARDS POROSITY SOIL MECHANICS TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL] TRACTORS [TRUCK] WHEELS SOILS ARIDOSOL BULK DENSITY LOADING TEST NUT ORCHARD SUBSOIL TILLAGE TOPSOIL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA] ANDALUCIA SPAIN PRUNUS PRUNUS DULCIS AXLE LOAD ORCHARD FRUIT SUBSOIL COMPACTION TRACK AXLE LOADS BULK DENSITY CONE INDEX DATA SUPPORT FARM MACHINERY GROUND PRESSURE MEAN VALUES ORCHARD SOILS RUT DEPTH SOIL COMPACTION SOIL POROSITY TILLED SOILS TRAFFIC INTENSITY TWO TRACTORS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AXLES COMPACTION LOADS [FORCES] MACHINERY ORCHARDS POROSITY SOIL MECHANICS TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL] TRACTORS [TRUCK] WHEELS SOILS ARIDOSOL BULK DENSITY LOADING TEST NUT ORCHARD SUBSOIL TILLAGE TOPSOIL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA] ANDALUCIA SPAIN PRUNUS PRUNUS DULCIS Tolón Becerra, Alfredo Botta, Guido Fernando Lastra Bravo, X. B. Tourn, Mario César Bellora Melcón, Fernando Vázquez, Juan Manuel Rivero, D. Linares, P. Nardón, G. F. Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
description |
Almond orchards in Almería require frequent traffic with farm machinery, about 1-8 times a year. Our main objective was to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil compaction induced by traffic of two tractors with different weights, one light [LT = 15 kN] and one heavy [HT = 50 kN], passing 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 times over the same track on Aridisol soil. The work was performed in the Vélez Blanco District of Almería in southeast Spain. Outlined hypothesis were: [a] subsoil compaction distribution due to tractor traffic on recently tilled soils in almond orchard depends on total axle load and tractor passes, [b] topsoil compaction produced by tractor traffic depends on tractor passes and ground pressure. Variables measured were [CI] cone index, [BD] bulk density, [TSP] total soil porosity and [RD] rut depth. The relevant results were: in topsoil [0-200 mm], 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT caused mean values of CI of 1420, 1825, 1950 and 2050 kPa respectively, while for the HT with the same number of passes the values were of 1235, 1520, 1630 and 2510 kPa respectively. BD mean values had a similar behavior: 1.35, 1.38, 1.51 and 1.55 Mg m -3 for 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT and 1.30, 1.32, 1.41 and 1.52 for the HT with the same number of passes. In the subsoil [200-600 mm] the HT caused higher CI and BD values than the LT. CI mean values of the LT were between 1705 and 2490 kPa, while the HT produced 2100-2790 kPa of CI. BD mean values were between 1.58 and 1.7 Mg m -3 for the LT and 1.65-1.77 Mg m -3 for the HT. Hence, the data support both hypotheses. No significant differences were found in RD between HT and LT when they passed 1, 3 or 5 times, but there was a difference when traffic raised up to 8 passes [143 mm RD for HT]. The main conclusions were: [a] this work has shown that soil compaction resulting from tractor traffic increases CI and BD and decreases total soil porosity. The data of CI and BD indicated that Almond orchard soil is unable to limit subsoil compaction under moderate traffic intensity. [b] Up to the fifth pass of either a FWA or 2WD tractor, ground pressure is responsible for topsoil compaction. |
format |
Texto |
topic_facet |
AXLE LOAD ORCHARD FRUIT SUBSOIL COMPACTION TRACK AXLE LOADS BULK DENSITY CONE INDEX DATA SUPPORT FARM MACHINERY GROUND PRESSURE MEAN VALUES ORCHARD SOILS RUT DEPTH SOIL COMPACTION SOIL POROSITY TILLED SOILS TRAFFIC INTENSITY TWO TRACTORS VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AXLES COMPACTION LOADS [FORCES] MACHINERY ORCHARDS POROSITY SOIL MECHANICS TRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL] TRACTORS [TRUCK] WHEELS SOILS ARIDOSOL BULK DENSITY LOADING TEST NUT ORCHARD SUBSOIL TILLAGE TOPSOIL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ALMERIA [ANDALUCIA] ANDALUCIA SPAIN PRUNUS PRUNUS DULCIS |
author |
Tolón Becerra, Alfredo Botta, Guido Fernando Lastra Bravo, X. B. Tourn, Mario César Bellora Melcón, Fernando Vázquez, Juan Manuel Rivero, D. Linares, P. Nardón, G. F. |
author_facet |
Tolón Becerra, Alfredo Botta, Guido Fernando Lastra Bravo, X. B. Tourn, Mario César Bellora Melcón, Fernando Vázquez, Juan Manuel Rivero, D. Linares, P. Nardón, G. F. |
author_sort |
Tolón Becerra, Alfredo |
title |
Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
title_short |
Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
title_full |
Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
title_fullStr |
Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería España |
title_sort |
soil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [prunus amigdalus l.] orchard in almería españa |
url |
http://ceiba.agro.uba.ar/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=46639 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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KOHA-OAI-AGRO:466392022-08-31T14:09:01Zhttp://ceiba.agro.uba.ar/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=46639AAGSoil compaction distribution under tractor traffic in almond [Prunus amigdalus L.] orchard in Almería EspañaTolón Becerra, AlfredoBotta, Guido FernandoLastra Bravo, X. B.Tourn, Mario CésarBellora Melcón, FernandoVázquez, Juan ManuelRivero, D.Linares, P.Nardón, G. F.textengapplication/pdfAlmond orchards in Almería require frequent traffic with farm machinery, about 1-8 times a year. Our main objective was to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil compaction induced by traffic of two tractors with different weights, one light [LT = 15 kN] and one heavy [HT = 50 kN], passing 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 times over the same track on Aridisol soil. The work was performed in the Vélez Blanco District of Almería in southeast Spain. Outlined hypothesis were: [a] subsoil compaction distribution due to tractor traffic on recently tilled soils in almond orchard depends on total axle load and tractor passes, [b] topsoil compaction produced by tractor traffic depends on tractor passes and ground pressure. Variables measured were [CI] cone index, [BD] bulk density, [TSP] total soil porosity and [RD] rut depth. The relevant results were: in topsoil [0-200 mm], 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT caused mean values of CI of 1420, 1825, 1950 and 2050 kPa respectively, while for the HT with the same number of passes the values were of 1235, 1520, 1630 and 2510 kPa respectively. BD mean values had a similar behavior: 1.35, 1.38, 1.51 and 1.55 Mg m -3 for 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT and 1.30, 1.32, 1.41 and 1.52 for the HT with the same number of passes. In the subsoil [200-600 mm] the HT caused higher CI and BD values than the LT. CI mean values of the LT were between 1705 and 2490 kPa, while the HT produced 2100-2790 kPa of CI. BD mean values were between 1.58 and 1.7 Mg m -3 for the LT and 1.65-1.77 Mg m -3 for the HT. Hence, the data support both hypotheses. No significant differences were found in RD between HT and LT when they passed 1, 3 or 5 times, but there was a difference when traffic raised up to 8 passes [143 mm RD for HT]. The main conclusions were: [a] this work has shown that soil compaction resulting from tractor traffic increases CI and BD and decreases total soil porosity. The data of CI and BD indicated that Almond orchard soil is unable to limit subsoil compaction under moderate traffic intensity. [b] Up to the fifth pass of either a FWA or 2WD tractor, ground pressure is responsible for topsoil compaction.Almond orchards in Almería require frequent traffic with farm machinery, about 1-8 times a year. Our main objective was to evaluate the vertical distribution of soil compaction induced by traffic of two tractors with different weights, one light [LT = 15 kN] and one heavy [HT = 50 kN], passing 0, 1, 3, 5 and 8 times over the same track on Aridisol soil. The work was performed in the Vélez Blanco District of Almería in southeast Spain. Outlined hypothesis were: [a] subsoil compaction distribution due to tractor traffic on recently tilled soils in almond orchard depends on total axle load and tractor passes, [b] topsoil compaction produced by tractor traffic depends on tractor passes and ground pressure. Variables measured were [CI] cone index, [BD] bulk density, [TSP] total soil porosity and [RD] rut depth. The relevant results were: in topsoil [0-200 mm], 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT caused mean values of CI of 1420, 1825, 1950 and 2050 kPa respectively, while for the HT with the same number of passes the values were of 1235, 1520, 1630 and 2510 kPa respectively. BD mean values had a similar behavior: 1.35, 1.38, 1.51 and 1.55 Mg m -3 for 1, 3, 5 and 8 passes of a LT and 1.30, 1.32, 1.41 and 1.52 for the HT with the same number of passes. In the subsoil [200-600 mm] the HT caused higher CI and BD values than the LT. CI mean values of the LT were between 1705 and 2490 kPa, while the HT produced 2100-2790 kPa of CI. BD mean values were between 1.58 and 1.7 Mg m -3 for the LT and 1.65-1.77 Mg m -3 for the HT. Hence, the data support both hypotheses. No significant differences were found in RD between HT and LT when they passed 1, 3 or 5 times, but there was a difference when traffic raised up to 8 passes [143 mm RD for HT]. The main conclusions were: [a] this work has shown that soil compaction resulting from tractor traffic increases CI and BD and decreases total soil porosity. The data of CI and BD indicated that Almond orchard soil is unable to limit subsoil compaction under moderate traffic intensity. [b] Up to the fifth pass of either a FWA or 2WD tractor, ground pressure is responsible for topsoil compaction.AXLE LOADORCHARD FRUITSUBSOIL COMPACTIONTRACKAXLE LOADSBULK DENSITYCONE INDEXDATA SUPPORTFARM MACHINERYGROUND PRESSUREMEAN VALUESORCHARD SOILSRUT DEPTHSOIL COMPACTIONSOIL POROSITYTILLED SOILSTRAFFIC INTENSITYTWO TRACTORSVERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONSAXLESCOMPACTIONLOADS [FORCES]MACHINERYORCHARDSPOROSITYSOIL MECHANICSTRACTORS [AGRICULTURAL]TRACTORS [TRUCK]WHEELSSOILSARIDOSOLBULK DENSITYLOADING TESTNUTORCHARDSUBSOILTILLAGETOPSOILVERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONALMERIA [ANDALUCIA]ANDALUCIASPAINPRUNUSPRUNUS DULCISSoil and Tillage Research |